Prefabricated Concrete Assembled Houses

Prefabricated concrete assembled houses are a form of construction that involves industrial production of building components and on-site assembly, offering significant advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced pollution.

Main Types and Technologies

Prefabricated concrete assembled houses are mainly divided into three types: panel-assembled, box-assembled, and frame-assembled. Their technological systems encompass prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with components including prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. For example, box-assembled houses achieve a 50%-70% increase in construction speed through the combination of prefabricated functional units (such as kitchen and bathroom modules); frame-assembled houses, on the other hand, use prefabricated beams and columns as the core, forming an integral structure through node connections.

Construction Process and Characteristics

Taking the construction of reinforced concrete prefabricated components as an example, a double-wall structure is employed: two layers of concrete slabs are connected by welded wire mesh, reducing the weight by approximately 30% compared to traditional walls. Lightweight cranes are used on-site to lift the walls, which are then fixed with special brackets to ensure verticality and levelness, followed by filling with concrete to form an integral wall. This process reduces on-site wet work, significantly shortens the construction period, and reduces dust and noise pollution.

Development History and Applications

China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s, initially applied in factory and residential construction. In the 21st century, with increased environmental protection requirements, companies like Vanke have developed prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems and promoted prefabricated frame technology. Modular construction, as a more integrated model, has established industrial bases in Fujian and other places with policy support, achieving a reduction in construction waste of over 70%. Additionally, Chinese prefabricated houses have been exported overseas, with Guangzhou Customs reporting exports of movable houses worth 1.4 billion yuan in the first four months of 2026, a year-on-year increase of 38.1%, indicating increased international market recognition.

Advantages and Challenges

Advantages: Industrial production ensures component precision, and on-site assembly improves construction efficiency; reduces formwork use and construction waste, aligning with green building trends; modular design facilitates standardization and large-scale production.
Challenges: High initial investment costs require supporting specialized equipment and skill training; components are prone to damage during transportation, necessitating optimized packaging and logistics solutions; some node connection technologies still need improvement to ensure structural safety and durability.