Prefabricated Component Assembled House

Prefabricated component assembled houses, also known as pre-cast houses or prefabricated assembled buildings, are a form of construction where building components are industrially produced and then assembled on-site.

Technical Types and Components

The technology of prefabricated component assembled houses encompasses prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with components including prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. The main types are panel-assembled, box-assembled, and frame-assembled. Panel-assembled buildings use prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, which can expand the usable area but have limited design flexibility. Box-assembled buildings combine prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%, but have higher requirements for transportation and lifting equipment.

Construction Process

Taking the construction of a house using reinforced concrete prefabricated components as an example, the process involves complex operations combining manual labor and machinery. Builders use special double-layer walls composed of two layers of concrete slabs connected by welded wire mesh. At the construction site, light cranes and hoists lift the reinforced concrete walls vertically, and workers place them in the designed positions. They are then fixed with special supports to ensure the panels are level and perpendicular to the ground at a 90-degree angle. After installation, the spaces within the reinforced concrete structure are filled with concrete, ultimately forming a sturdy and durable integral wall.

Advantages and Development

This form of construction offers advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced pollution. China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s, initially applied in factory and residential construction. It experienced a resurgence in the 21st century due to its production efficiency and environmental benefits. Companies like Vanke Group have developed prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems and applied prefabricated frame technology in engineering projects. In terms of policy, in September 2016, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guidelines on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings," stating that the development of prefabricated buildings represents a major transformation in construction methods, beneficial for conserving resources and energy and reducing construction pollution. Various regions have also responded positively, with Hainan Province aiming for 80% of newly started prefabricated buildings by 2025, Guangzhou implementing prefabricated buildings for 100% of residential land parcels auctioned from 2026 onwards, and Xiangyang requiring all newly built housing construction projects within its central urban area to adopt prefabricated buildings at a rate of 100%.