Prefabricated Beam Installation in Housing

The installation of prefabricated beams in housing is a crucial step in prefabricated construction, requiring adherence to standardized processes and ensuring safety compliance.

I. Types and Production Requirements of Prefabricated Beams

Prefabricated beams are core components of prefabricated concrete frame structures, including prefabricated solid beams and prefabricated composite beams, all produced in factories using standardized processes. The production process covers formwork assembly, steel bar tying, concrete pouring, and curing, with strict adherence to industry standards such as the Construction Engineering Process Regulations throughout to ensure dimensional accuracy and structural strength meet design requirements.

II. Installation Technical Process and Key Steps

The installation of prefabricated beams must be integrated into the overall construction process of prefabricated buildings, with main steps including:

1. Measurement and Positioning: Determine the installation position and elevation benchmark of the prefabricated beam through control axis transfer, floor marking, and horizontal elevation measurement.
2. Component Hoisting:
   • Equipment Selection: Determine the number and model of tower cranes based on the floor plan to ensure coverage of the hoisting area; for example, with a 35-meter prefabricated beam, consider the stress characteristics of converting a simply supported beam to a continuous beam and arrange temporary supports reasonably.
   • Hoisting Method: Use a steel spreader for hoisting to avoid deformation caused by single-point hoisting; hoisting points must be symmetrically arranged to ensure horizontal hoisting of the component and prevent damage to corners.
   • Positioning and Fixing: After the component is hoisted steadily, move the jib at a constant speed; when approaching the building, manually assist in centering and positioning, followed by temporary fixing, unhooking correction, and installation of anchor bars.
3. Subsequent Process Connection: After the installation of the prefabricated beam is completed, sequentially complete processes such as steel bar tying for cast-in-place shear walls, embedding of electromechanical concealed pipes, erection of formwork support frames, installation of prefabricated stairs and balcony slabs, and finally concrete pouring and curing.

III. Hoisting Safety and Quality Control Points

• Hoisting Sequence: Coordinate each process according to the construction plan to avoid conflicts.
• Temporary Support: Long-span prefabricated beams (e.g., 35 meters) require temporary supports to prevent structural instability due to self-weight or construction loads.
• Component Protection: Rough handling during hoisting is strictly prohibited to avoid surface damage or displacement of internal steel bars in the component.
• Compliance with Standards: Strictly follow design drawings and construction specifications to ensure reliable quality of connection nodes between prefabricated beams and cast-in-place structures.

The installation of prefabricated beams is a systematic project that requires refined management and standardized operations to ensure construction efficiency and structural safety.