Principle of Mobile Toilets

The principles of mobile toilets are divided into two categories based on their types: traditional flush-type and waterless-flush-type, with the core differences lying in waste treatment methods and water resource utilization efficiency.

Traditional Flush-Type Mobile Toilets
Their operation relies on the coordinated functioning of a freshwater tank and a handwashing tank. The freshwater tank, typically located at the front right side of the toilet unit, is manually filled by opening a valve, and the stored freshwater is used to flush the toilet bowl. The handwashing tank, located on the left side, features a foot-operated water outlet design, where the water flows into the toilet bowl to complete the flushing process after the user steps on it. The structural design of such toilets emphasizes lightweight and durability, with mobility achieved through hydraulic systems or mechanical devices. For example, the lifting public toilet in the Netherlands uses a hydraulic system to simulate the operation mode of an elevator shaft, rising at night for use and automatically descending underground in the morning, saving space and facilitating maintenance.

Waterless-Flush-Type Mobile Toilets
These toilets do not require traditional flushing systems and treat waste through physical, biological, or chemical technologies. The core principles include the following types:

1. Mechanical Packaging Type: Utilizes biodegradable plastic bags to wrap waste, with a mechanical device automatically sealing the bag opening and transferring the waste to a fecal storage tank, avoiding direct contact and odor diffusion.
2. Microbial Degradation Type: Decomposes organic matter through microbial aerobic fermentation, with the high temperatures generated during fermentation killing pathogens, resulting in harmless fertilizer as the final product.
3. Foam Sealing Type: An air pump mixes air with a foaming agent to form a foam layer covering the toilet bowl surface. Excrement slides into the pipeline due to the lubricating effect of the foam, while the foam isolates odors.
4. Vacuum Suction Type: A vacuum pump generates negative pressure, using the air pressure difference to instantly suck waste into a treatment tank, offering high treatment efficiency and water conservation.
5. Chemical Agent Type: Chemical agents are added to the fecal storage tank to control odors by decomposing organic matter in excrement and inhibiting microbial activity.

These toilets comply with the GB/T18092-2000 standard and are suitable for scenarios without water supply and drainage systems (such as in the wild or disaster areas), achieving a water-saving rate of over 90% and significantly reducing water consumption and sewage discharge.