How to Insulate Prefabricated Houses

The insulation of prefabricated houses can be achieved through exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, and reasonable window and door design. The specific methods are as follows:

1. Exterior Wall Insulation

Exterior wall insulation is a core aspect of thermal insulation in prefabricated houses, primarily involving the attachment of insulation materials to the wall surface to form an insulation layer, reducing heat exchange between the interior and exterior.

• Common Methods:
  • Hanging-type Exterior Wall Insulation: Insulation materials are fixed to the outer side of prefabricated exterior wall panels using hangers, creating a continuous insulation layer.
  • Insulation Board Plastering Exterior Wall Insulation: Insulation boards (such as polyurethane, extruded polystyrene boards, and expanded polystyrene boards) are adhered or laid on the wall surface, followed by a protective layer of plastering mortar.
• Material Selection: Prioritize materials with low thermal conductivity and high durability, such as polyurethane (thermal conductivity ≤ 0.024 W/(m·K)) and extruded polystyrene boards (≤ 0.030 W/(m·K)), whose closed-cell structures effectively block heat transfer.
• Construction Points:
  • Internal Insulation: After cleaning the wall surface, draw construction baselines. Apply adhesive at the four corners and center of the insulation board, and paste it in a "bottom-up, left-to-right" sequence. After treating the internal and external corners, paint the surface or apply wallpaper.
  • External Insulation: Use professional mortar to lay the insulation boards on the exterior wall, smooth and compact them, and then cover with plastering mortar to ensure no hollows or cracks.

2. Roof Insulation

The roof is a "weak link" for heat loss and requires the installation of an insulation layer and optimized structural design to enhance thermal insulation performance.

• Installation of Insulation Layer: Lay roof insulation boards (such as extruded polystyrene boards) beneath the roof to block cold air infiltration from the roof.
• Waterproofing and Ventilation: The insulation layer should be designed in coordination with the waterproofing layer to prevent moisture accumulation from degrading material performance. In rural areas, elevated thermal insulation can be adopted: build brick piers 10-20 cm high on flat roofs and place prefabricated boards to form an elevated layer, providing both ventilation and thermal insulation.
• Optimization of Sloped Roofs: For sloped roofs, a waterproofing layer should be installed outside the roof insulation layer to ensure stable temperature differences between the interior and exterior.

3. Reasonable Window and Door Design

Windows and doors are the "main channels" for heat exchange and require material and structural optimization to reduce heat loss.

• High-efficiency Thermal Insulation Materials: Choose low-emissivity coated glass (Low-E glass), insulated glass, etc., with a heat transfer coefficient as low as 1.0-2.0 W/(m²·K), significantly lower than that of ordinary single-layer glass (5.8 W/(m²·K)).
• Enhanced Sealing Performance: Use expanding foam and sealant to fill gaps between windows/doors and walls during installation to prevent cold air infiltration. Large prefabricated houses can adopt double-layer or multi-layer glass to further block heat transfer through air layers.
• Curtain Assistance: Pair with sunshade and thermal insulation curtains to reduce solar radiation heat entering the interior.

By implementing these measures, prefabricated houses can achieve comprehensive insulation, reducing energy consumption by approximately 30%-50% while enhancing living comfort. Construction should strictly adhere to specifications to ensure material performance and structural rationality.