How to Install Prefabricated Panel Houses
The installation of prefabricated panel houses requires following core processes such as positioning, supporting, lifting, connecting, and concrete pouring. The specific steps are as follows:
Positioning and Surveying Layout Before installation, accurately position the locations of exterior wall panels. Use lasers or chalk lines to mark the positioning lines for the exterior wall panels and correct any deviations in the pre-embedded steel bars. Verify the perpendicularity and spacing of the pre-embedded steel bars using a dedicated steel bar positioning plate to ensure alignment with the connection holes of the prefabricated components. Simultaneously, use a level to measure and adjust the elevation, ensuring that the horizontal alignment of the prefabricated components on each floor meets design requirements. This step is fundamental for subsequent installations and requires strict precision control to avoid cumulative errors.
Support and Adjustment System Setup Install temporary positioning adjustment components on the lower structure, typically using adjustable-height steel supports or dedicated brackets, positioned to correspond with the support points of the prefabricated components. Place adjustment shims (such as plastic or steel shims) on top of the support components and fine-tune the elevation of the components by adding or removing shims to ensure that horizontal errors after installation are within allowable limits. The stability of the support system directly affects lifting safety, so check that connecting bolts are securely tightened to prevent loosening.
Lifting and Initial Positioning Use lifting equipment such as tower cranes or truck cranes to slowly lift the prefabricated components (such as bay windows, wall panels, or floor slabs). The angle between the lifting cables and the components should be greater than 45° to reduce horizontal forces. Pause when lifting the component to approximately 200mm above the installation position, and manually adjust the orientation of the component using guide ropes to align its pre-embedded holes with the lower-level steel bars. Slowly lower the component onto the support shims, secure it temporarily, and then release the lifting hook. This process requires dedicated supervision to avoid collisions with already installed components or structures.
Connection and Fixing The connection between prefabricated floor slabs and beams must achieve structural integrity through specific designs:
- Mechanical Connection: Use high-strength bolts or welding to fix the pre-embedded steel bars, ensuring that the node bearing capacity meets design standards.
- Grout Anchor Connection: Inject high-strength grout into the pre-embedded holes of the components, transferring loads through the bond between the grout and the steel bars.
- Post-Poured Concrete Connection: Set up post-poured strips at the top of prefabricated wall panels and pour concrete to form a continuous structure. After connection, check the density of the nodes to prevent voids or cracks.
Concrete Pouring and Curing Clean the areas requiring post-poured concrete (such as the top of wall panels and floor slab joints), remove debris, and moisten the substrate. Use micro-expanding concrete for pouring, vibrate it thoroughly, and then cover it with plastic film or straw mats for moisture-retaining curing. The curing period should be no less than 7 days to ensure that the concrete strength meets design requirements before proceeding with upper-level construction.
Precautions: The installation processes may vary for different building types (such as block buildings or skeleton panel buildings), but all must prioritize structural safety, strictly adhere to design drawings and construction specifications, and conduct quality inspections after critical processes (such as lifting and concrete pouring).
