How to Construct Prefabricated House Slabs

The construction of prefabricated house slabs must strictly adhere to processes such as base treatment, hoisting support, positioning and fixation, and acceptance specifications to ensure structural safety and installation accuracy.

I. Base Treatment and Positioning

1. Floor Cleaning and Elevation Verification: Before construction, thoroughly clean the floor and verify the position and relative elevation of the prefabricated components. If the error exceeds 5mm, it must be adjusted to the allowable range through grinding or repair to avoid installation deviations caused by an uneven base.
2. Positioning Line Marking: Mark the positioning edge lines and control lines of the prefabricated components on the floor slab as installation benchmarks. For self-built houses, the top surface of the wall should be moistened one day in advance and leveled with high-grade cement mortar to ensure a flat and full mortar layer, providing a stable foundation for subsequent component installation.

II. Hoisting and Temporary Support

1. Hoisting Operation Specifications:
   • When hoisting prefabricated exterior wall panels, the tower crane should lift slowly. Stop at 50cm above the ground to inspect the lifting equipment and component status, and at 50cm above the working layer, the construction personnel should control the falling direction with a牵引绳 (towing rope) to avoid collisions.
   • For hoisting prefabricated composite slabs, it is recommended to use a hoisting beam to ensure that all lifting points are subjected to force simultaneously, preventing cracks or distortions in the components due to uneven force.
2. Temporary Support Installation: Elevation adjustment shims or temporary supports should be placed at the bottom of the components to prevent deformation during installation due to self-weight or external forces. The support points should be evenly distributed to ensure the components are level.

III. Positioning and Fixation

1. Exterior Wall Panel Adjustment: Fix the prefabricated exterior wall panels with upper and lower diagonal supports. The lower diagonal support completes the bottom positioning, while the upper diagonal support precisely adjusts the verticality of the wall to ensure the installation accuracy meets the design requirements.
2. Panel Seam Treatment: In self-built house construction, special attention should be paid to the treatment of panel seams. Use cement mortar and other materials to fill them densely to prevent future water leakage or structural loosening. It is strictly prohibited to use dry bricks or crushed stones to level the top surface of the wall to avoid shoddy workmanship leading to panel seam cracking.

IV. Quality Acceptance Specifications

The entire construction process must comply with standards such as the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structures" and the "Technical Code for Safety of High-altitude Operations in Building Construction," with a focus on inspecting the installation position, verticality, flatness, and connection node strength of the components to ensure structural safety and reliability.

Precautions: The installation of prefabricated components must be closely integrated with the cast-in-place part to form an integral structure. Before construction, a special plan should be prepared, technical disclosures should be made to the operators, and on-site inspections should be strengthened to promptly correct违规操作 (non-compliant operations).