How to Assemble Prefabricated Houses
The assembly of prefabricated houses is mainly completed through factory-prefabricated modules and on-site 'building-block' style assembly, combined with high-precision positioning and connection technologies to ensure structural safety and efficiency.
I. Modular Prefabrication and Transportation
The core of prefabricated houses is to break down the building into independent modules and complete standardized production in the factory. For example, components such as ceilings, floors, and water and electricity pipelines are prefabricated on the assembly line to form independent modules like wall panels, floor slabs, stairs, balconies, and beams and columns. These modules undergo interior decoration (such as wall treatment and pipeline embedding) and preliminary assembly in the factory, reducing on-site construction steps. After production, the modules are transported to the construction site using specialized transportation tools, with fixed and protective measures taken during transportation to prevent deformation or damage to the components.
II. On-site Assembly Process
On-site assembly adopts a 'building-block' approach, relying on mechanical equipment such as cranes for assistance. Taking the affordable housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, as an example, five residential buildings nearly 100 meters high were assembled from 6,028 concrete modules, with a 70-square-meter two-bedroom unit requiring only two and a half modules for assembly. The specific steps include:
- Foundation Construction: Complete foundation treatment in advance to ensure that the ground flatness and bearing capacity meet the requirements for module installation.
- Module Positioning: Determine the module positions using a high-precision positioning system (with an error controlled within millimeters) to ensure connection accuracy.
- Lifting and Fixing: Use a crane to lift the modules to the designated positions and connect them to the foundation or other modules using bolts, welding, or embedded parts. Practical cases in Henan show that workers can complete the assembly of a house in just a few hours.
- Joint Treatment: Some projects adopt on-site cast-in-place connection technology, pouring concrete at the module joints to enhance the overall structural integrity.
III. Quality Assurance Measures
To ensure assembly quality, each module is accompanied by a detailed 'ID card' recording information such as the project name, product model, and production date, enabling full lifecycle traceability. In addition, standardized molds and automated equipment are used during the factory production stage to reduce human errors; during the on-site assembly stage, tools such as laser positioning and level gauges are used for real-time monitoring to ensure that indicators such as perpendicularity and flatness meet the standards.
The assembly method of prefabricated houses combines the precision of industrial production with the flexibility of on-site construction, significantly shortening the construction cycle while reducing the impact on the environment. It is an important direction for modern building industrialization.
