Disadvantages of Prefabricated Structural Houses

The disadvantages of prefabricated structural houses are mainly reflected in insufficient seismic performance, poor sound insulation and thermal insulation, difficulty in adjusting the internal structure, water seepage risks, and relatively short service life.

1. Insufficient Seismic Performance The seismic resistance of prefabricated structural houses is significantly weaker than that of modern buildings. Their main bodies are assembled from prefabricated panels, resulting in poor structural integrity, similar to a “building-block” construction method, lacking firmness and toughness. The prefabricated panels often adopt a hollow design, and the quantity and distribution of steel bars are not as scientific as those in cast-in-place structures, making them prone to collapse due to joint loosening or wall cracking during earthquakes. For example, slight vibrations may cause cracks at the joints of floor slabs, and over time, the stability of the house will significantly decrease, potentially leading to complete collapse even in moderate-intensity earthquakes.

2. Poor Sound Insulation and Thermal Insulation The thermal and sound insulation performance of prefabricated structural houses is inadequate, directly affecting living comfort. In summer, indoor temperatures easily rise with the outside environment, while in winter, it is difficult to retain heat, leading to the common phenomenon of “cold in winter and hot in summer.” Insufficient sealing at wall joints and around doors and windows further exacerbates heat loss and cold air infiltration. Additionally, the limited thickness and low material density of the prefabricated panels result in weak sound-blocking capabilities, allowing neighbors' daily activities and even footsteps to be clearly heard, reducing the quality of life.

3. Difficulty in Adjusting the Internal Structure The walls of prefabricated structural houses typically serve structural support functions, and large-scale modifications may compromise overall stability. Unlike modern commercial housing, their spatial layouts are fixed, making it difficult for residents to demolish or modify walls or adjust room functions according to their needs. For example, expanding the living room or adding partitions may be impossible due to involvement with load-bearing structures, limiting the personalization of living spaces.

4. Water Seepage Risks The joints between prefabricated panels are the main隐患 (hidden danger; here translated as “risks”) for water seepage. As the house ages, cement components may develop cracks due to thermal expansion and contraction or foundation settlement, allowing rainwater or domestic water to infiltrate indoors through the joints. Water seepage on roofs and walls not only damages decorations but may also lead to mold growth, affecting living health. If the joints are not properly treated during construction, water seepage problems may persist long-term and be difficult to completely repair.

5. Relatively Short Service Life The design service life of prefabricated structural houses is typically 30 to 50 years, with most built in the 1970s and 1980s now approaching or exceeding their intended lifespans. After prolonged use, issues such as material aging and steel bar corrosion frequently occur, with some houses being classified as “dangerous buildings.” Repairs require substantial investment, and if the original construction techniques or materials were defective, the house may need to be scrapped prematurely, with higher costs for reconstruction.