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Commercial Housing Roofs Made of Precast Slabs?","translation-of-are-commercial-housing-roofs-made-of-precast-slabs","2026-09-19T11:06:36.569Z","2026-09-19T11:06:36.592Z","**After 2003, precast slabs were rarely used in commercial housing, and cast-in-place structures became prevalent in housing built after 1998. Currently, cast-in-place slabs are the mainstream choice for multi-story and high-rise buildings**. The following provides an explanation from three perspectives: construction era, structural characteristics, and code evolution.\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fgallery\u002Fimport_1788379198995_2yp0lisv_d3c7f862dc.jpg)\n\n**Construction Era as the Core Criterion**  \nAccording to the evolution of building codes, precast slab structures have been largely banned in newly built commercial housing since 2003. This adjustment stems from the limitations of precast slabs in seismic performance—they are composed of multiple prefabricated components joined together, resulting in weaker overall integrity and a higher likelihood of structural failure due to connection fractures during earthquakes. For example, precast slabs were commonly used in welfare housing or older residential buildings from the early 1990s and before, while cast-in-place slabs, which are monolithically poured and offer significantly improved seismic performance (e.g., a collapse rate of less than 5% in cast-in-place structures during the Wenchuan earthquake), became the mainstream choice after 2003. Additionally, after China's comprehensive housing commercialization reform in 1998, newly built commercial housing generally adhered to new codes, with over 90% adopting cast-in-place structures.\n\n**Physical Characteristics for Auxiliary Identification**  \nFor further verification, the following characteristics can be used to make a judgment:  \n1. **Ceiling Marks**: Precast slab ceilings often exhibit parallel cracks caused by shrinkage or settlement at the joints between prefabricated components; cast-in-place slabs, being monolithically poured, typically have smooth surfaces without irregular cracks.  \n2. **Knocking Sound and Vibration Transmission**: When lightly tapped with a hard object, precast slabs produce a clear 'dong dong' sound, and vibrations transmit in a single direction; cast-in-place slabs emit a dull sound, with vibrations spreading in all directions.  \n3. **Floor Holes**: Some precast slabs have pre-drilled circular holes with a diameter of about 8 cm to reduce self-weight or accommodate piping; cast-in-place slabs do not have such regular holes.\n\n**Wall Structure Provides Indirect Evidence**  \nDue to construction convenience, precast slab houses often adopt a frame design without beams or columns, with the floor slab directly resting on the walls; cast-in-place structures, on the other hand, require beams and columns to form an integrated load-bearing system, so visible beams or columns can be seen at the connections between walls and floor slabs. If concrete beams or columns spanning multiple floors are present inside the house, it can generally be identified as a cast-in-place structure.\n\n**Code Evolution and Structural Advantages**  \nPrecast slabs, due to their fast construction speed and low cost, were widely used in low-rise residential buildings before the 1990s; however, as building standards improved, their drawbacks, such as poor seismic performance (e.g., a collapse rate of over 60% in precast slab houses during the 1996 Lijiang earthquake) and weak waterproofing (prone to leakage at joints), gradually became apparent. Cast-in-place slabs, through on-site concrete pouring, achieve a comprehensive upgrade in structural integrity, seismic performance, and waterproofing, becoming the standard configuration for current multi-story and high-rise buildings.",false,{"id":219,"documentId":220,"name":221,"alternativeText":222,"caption":27,"focalPoint":27,"width":128,"height":128,"formats":223,"hash":242,"ext":131,"mime":134,"size":243,"url":244,"previewUrl":27,"provider":156,"provider_metadata":27,"createdAt":245,"updatedAt":245,"publishedAt":246},17537,"lgw2g8syqokwd1ncan2ixpyg","import_1788379198995_2yp0lisv_d3c7f862dc.jpg","Roundup: Container Schools Exploring the Infinite Possibilities of Future Education 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