Thermal Insulation Performance of Prefabricated Houses

The overall thermal insulation performance of prefabricated houses is poor, with significant seasonal temperature regulation issues. The inadequate thermal insulation performance primarily stems from structural design and material characteristics, as detailed below:

1. Physical Defects in Thermal Insulation Performance
Prefabricated houses often employ a prefabricated panel assembly structure, with the core issue being the thermal conductivity of the materials themselves. Traditional prefabricated panels are typically made of concrete or lightweight panels, which have high thermal conductivity coefficients and struggle to effectively block the transfer of external temperatures. For example, under direct summer sunlight, the concrete panels on roofs and walls rapidly absorb heat and conduct it indoors, causing indoor temperatures to soar to 40-50℃. Even with air conditioning running at full capacity, maintaining a comfortable environment is difficult. Conversely, in winter, indoor heat quickly dissipates through the panels, and even with heating on, indoor temperatures may still fall below 10℃, creating a dual dilemma of "cold outside and cold inside".

2. Thermal Insulation Loopholes in Structural Gaps
The assembly method of prefabricated houses further weakens thermal insulation effectiveness. To facilitate transportation and installation, prefabricated panels are typically connected using hollow designs or mechanical joints, resulting in numerous seams. Although these seams may be treated with sealants or filling materials, long-term use can lead to cracking or deformation due to material aging and thermal expansion and contraction, allowing air infiltration. In summer, hot air surges indoors through the seams, exacerbating the stuffy feeling; in winter, cold air invades through the seams, creating a "draft" effect that significantly reduces indoor temperature stability.

3. Systemic Lack of Thermal Insulation Design
Most prefabricated houses do not fully consider thermal insulation needs in their initial design, lacking the application of multi-layer thermal insulation structures or high-efficiency thermal insulation materials. For example, the roofs and walls of traditional prefabricated panel houses may rely solely on a single material layer, without auxiliary structures such as thermal insulation layers, reflective layers, or ventilation layers, resulting in thermal insulation performance that depends entirely on the physical properties of the panels themselves. In contrast, modern buildings significantly enhance thermal insulation efficiency by adding thermal insulation materials like rock wool or polystyrene boards, or adopting designs such as double-wall structures or insulated glass. However, the technological application of prefabricated houses in this area is relatively lagging.

Summary: The thermal insulation performance issues of prefabricated houses are caused by a combination of material characteristics, structural gaps, and design flaws. Comprehensive improvements are needed through optimizing material selection, enhancing assembly techniques, or adding thermal insulation layers.