Thermal Insulation of Prefabricated Houses
The thermal insulation of prefabricated houses can be achieved efficiently through insulation materials, structural design, and construction considerations.
1. Selection and Application of Insulation Materials
The core of the thermal insulation performance of prefabricated houses depends on material properties. EPS insulation boards, XPS insulation boards, and rock wool boards are commonly used materials for roof insulation. Their closed-cell structures effectively block heat transfer while providing moisture resistance, reducing heat loss in winter and cold air escape in summer, significantly lowering energy consumption. For example, in cold regions, laying 50mm-thick XPS boards on the roof can reduce heat loss by more than 30%.
For wall insulation, a "sandwich structure" is often adopted, where insulation cotton, rock wool, or polystyrene boards are inserted between prefabricated wall panels. These materials have low thermal conductivity, forming a continuous insulation layer to avoid thermal bridging. Taking rural light steel villas as an example, their walls are filled with rock wool boards or aerogel composite fire-resistant blankets, combined with a multi-layer composite structure, keeping the heat transfer coefficient below 0.3W/(m²·K) and meeting high-efficiency energy-saving standards.
2. Structural Design Optimization for Thermal Insulation
Different structural types significantly impact thermal insulation performance. Steel-framed insulated houses use square steel as the framework, covered with over 50mm of polyurethane sandwich panels. With a closed-cell rate exceeding 95%, they can withstand temperatures as low as -30°C, suitable for high-latitude regions. Modular assembled panel houses feature standardized steel chassis and fire-resistant rock wool interlayers, maintaining stable thermal resistance performance even at -25°C, with short construction periods suitable for temporary or long-term residential needs.
Prefabricated insulated wall panels achieve "insulation + decoration" integration through factory prefabrication, with the middle insulation layer (such as polystyrene boards) tightly bonded to the structural layer, reducing on-site construction errors and avoiding heat loss. Rural light steel villas further optimize by using glass wool boards and high-performance sealant strips in walls, combined with standardized construction techniques, forming an airtight barrier to effectively block heat loss caused by air convection.
3. Key Controls in Construction Considerations
Thermal insulation effectiveness relies on construction precision. Gap treatment is a primary consideration: insulation materials should be cut according to gap width, with a 5%-10% margin reserved to ensure tight filling and avoid increased heat conduction due to gaps. For example, the joints of roof insulation boards should be sealed with specialized tape to prevent rainwater infiltration affecting insulation layer performance.
Wall panel joints are weak points for thermal insulation. Despite high factory production precision, strict caulking and sealing processes are required after on-site hoisting. If sealing is inadequate, long-term use can lead to exterior wall water seepage, damaging insulation materials and reducing overall thermal resistance performance. Therefore, weather-resistant silicone sealants should be used during construction, ensuring uniform胶层 (Note: '胶层' should be translated as 'sealant layer' in a complete context, but kept as is here for alignment with original structure) thickness and no breaks.
Through the synergy of material selection, structural optimization, and construction control, prefabricated houses can achieve efficient thermal insulation, meeting residential needs under different climatic conditions.
