The House is Made of Prefabricated Panels

Prefabricated panel houses are constructed primarily using prefabricated panels as their main components. They are characterized by low construction costs and short construction periods, but they also suffer from issues such as poor earthquake resistance, short lifespans, and susceptibility to cracking and water leakage. Currently, they are handled in accordance with the principle of 'adapting measures to local conditions and implementing differentiated strategies,' with some requiring demolition and compensation for resettlement.

Construction Background and Characteristics: Prefabricated panel houses were mainly built in the 1970s and 1980s, funded by state-owned enterprises or government institutions to house their employees. The core component, the prefabricated panel, is a factory-made cement element available in solid and hollow types. These panels are created by nailing wooden molds, arranging steel bars, and pouring cement. This construction method offers the advantages of lower costs and shorter construction times, enabling rapid satisfaction of residential needs at the time.

Defects and Issues:

1. Inadequate Earthquake Resistance: They have poor overall integrity and typically have lower earthquake resistance levels than cast-in-place structures. They struggle to withstand seismic impacts, and even minor vibrations can cause loosening at floor panel joints.
2. Short Service Life: Their lifespans are generally 30 to 40 years, significantly shorter than modern commercial housing. Over time, issues such as wall cracks and ceiling water leakage emerge, leading many prefabricated panel houses to be classified as 'dangerous buildings' that are difficult and costly to repair.
3. Wall Cracks and Water Leakage: During rainy weather, it is common for 'heavy rain outside to result in light rain inside,' with walls showing signs of cracking and discoloration, floors deforming, and windows leaking.
4. Poor Thermal Insulation: They are cold in winter and hot in summer, with indoor temperatures difficult to regulate during extreme weather, affecting居住 comfort (living comfort).
5. Poor Sound Insulation: Noise from upstairs can be clearly heard downstairs, impacting privacy and rest.
6. Difficult Structural Modifications: Load-bearing walls cannot be removed, and the housing design lacks humanization, such as kitchens or bathrooms potentially lacking windows.

Disposal Principles and Policies:
In 2023, Chinese authorities prohibited the construction, renovation, and expansion of prefabricated panel houses and other buildings that do not comply with current standards within urban construction land areas. The current approach to handling prefabricated panel houses follows the principle of 'adapting measures to local conditions and implementing differentiated strategies,' rather than opting for complete demolition. Priority for demolition is given to those with structural damage, inability to withstand natural disasters, impact on municipal planning, or located in prime urban areas. Demolition compensation and resettlement adhere to the 'Regulations on the Expropriation of Houses on State-Owned Land and Compensation,' with resettlement methods primarily including monetary compensation, physical resettlement, housing vouchers, and in-situ reconstruction. Several provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Guangdong, have successively introduced policies emphasizing the 'demolition of dilapidated prefabricated panel houses.'