Steps for Making Mobile Toilets from Cement

Making mobile toilets from cement requires a combination of structural design, material proportioning, and fixing techniques. The core steps include making the basic structure, constructing walls and countertops, fixing the ground, and waterproofing and decorating, as detailed below:

1. Making the Basic Structure

Create molds according to the toilet's design dimensions and prepare materials such as cement, gravel, and steel bars. Mix cement and gravel in proportion to form concrete slurry, pour it into the molds, and insert steel bar frameworks to enhance load-bearing capacity. After pouring, let it stand for 24 hours for initial curing. Once the concrete reaches the demolding strength, remove the molds to form the main structural panels of the toilet (such as the base and side panels). At this stage, ensure that the panel dimensions are precise and the surface flatness error does not exceed 3mm to avoid excessive gaps during subsequent assembly.

2. Constructing Walls and Countertops

• Wall Construction: If using a brick structure, select red bricks for single-sided vertical construction. Use M7.5 cement mortar to bond the brick joints, and reserve holes for installing doors, windows, and equipment (such as water tanks and sewage pipe connections). Control the construction height according to design requirements, and reserve a space of 10-15cm at the top for installing the roof panel.
• Countertop Construction: The countertop can be made of pre-fabricated cement panels or cast-in-place concrete. When casting in place, lay a Φ6mm steel bar mesh with a spacing of 150mm×150mm, and the concrete strength grade should not be lower than C25. After pouring, cover it with plastic film for 7 days of curing to ensure that the countertop's load-bearing capacity reaches more than 200kg/m².

3. Ground Fixing Techniques

Choose a fixing method according to the usage scenario:

• Expansion Bolt Fixing: Suitable for hardened ground (such as concrete pavement). Use a level to position the four corners of the toilet chassis, drill holes with a depth of ≥80mm, and use 2-4 M12 expansion bolts on each side to connect the chassis to the ground. The bolt torque should reach more than 50N·m.
• Concrete Pouring Fixing: For long-term usage scenarios, excavate a foundation pit of 300mm×300mm, lay a 100mm thick gravel cushion, and then pour C30 concrete. Insert 4 Φ12mm steel bars as frameworks. After the concrete solidifies (with a curing period of ≥7 days), connect the toilet chassis to ensure an anti-overturning capacity of 5kN/m.
• Counterweight Block Fixing: For temporary scenarios, place pre-fabricated concrete blocks or sandbags at the bottom of the toilet. The total counterweight should be more than 1.5 times the self-weight of the toilet (for example, a 2-ton toilet requires a counterweight of 3 tons). The counterweight blocks should be fixed to the chassis to prevent sliding.

4. Waterproofing and Decorating

• Waterproofing Treatment: Apply two coats of polyurethane waterproof coating on the cement structure surface, with a thickness of ≥1.5mm. Pay special attention to joints and areas where pipes penetrate the walls. The waterproofing height on the walls should reach 1.8m, and the ground waterproofing layer should extend more than 300mm up the walls.
• Decorating Construction: After the waterproofing layer dries, paste tiles or paint the exterior walls. Seal the tile joints with grout. When installing equipment such as washbasins and water tanks, apply ceramic white glue at the contact points between the equipment and the countertop to prevent leaks. Finally, check the sealing of all connection points to ensure there are no leakage hazards.

Precautions: The production of mobile toilets should comply with the "Urban Public Toilet Design Standard" (CJJ14-2016). Modular pre-fabricated components should be marked with load-bearing signs, and on-site construction should be carried out by professionals to avoid structural safety hazards.