Single-Story Prefabricated Slab House Design

The design of single-story prefabricated slab houses needs to evaluate applicability based on specific needs. It is suitable for temporary buildings, scenarios with limited budgets, or poor geological conditions, but attention should be paid to restrictions such as load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance.

Applicable Scenarios and Advantages

1. Temporary Buildings: If the construction period is tight (the main structure can be completed in 3-7 days), prefabricated slabs can be quickly constructed to meet urgent needs.
2. Cost Control: The cost is 30%-50% lower than that of cast-in-place structures, making it suitable for self-built rural houses with limited budgets.
3. Geological Adaptability: On soft soil foundations, prefabricated slabs can reduce settlement risks and avoid structural problems caused by uneven foundations.

Key Design Restrictions

1. Load-Bearing Capacity: The load-bearing capacity of a single slab is ≤200kg/㎡. It is prohibited for use in heavy roofs or two-story extensions, as it may cause structural damage.
2. Earthquake Resistance Requirements: In areas with a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees or higher, steel structure reinforcement is required. Otherwise, it is prone to instability due to connection damage during earthquakes.
3. Joint Treatment: The gaps between slabs must be filled with C20 fine aggregate concrete to prevent rainwater leakage and structural loosening.

Core Construction Points

1. Foundation Treatment: A 30cm thick crushed stone bedding layer and a 15cm plain concrete leveling layer are required to ensure a flat and stable foundation.
2. Installation Specifications:
   • Install the slabs block by block from the four corners of the house towards the center, using a staggered joint method.
   • Joint length: ≥80mm on ring beams and ≥100mm on walls.
   • Leave an installation gap of 20-40mm, fill the bottom with cement mortar, and fill the holes between slabs with concrete.
3. Waterproofing and Reinforcement:
   • The roof needs to be covered with an SBS modified bitumen waterproofing layer.
   • When using prefabricated slabs for the roof, a steel mesh can be laid first and then concrete can be poured to enhance impermeability.

Material Selection Criteria

1. Specifications and Strength: The commonly used specifications are length 3-6m × width 0.5-1.2m × thickness 12-18cm, with a strength grade of not less than C30 concrete.
2. Reinforcement Requirements: The main reinforcement diameter should be ≥8mm, with a spacing of ≤15cm. The reinforcement should be of the prestressed type and free of cracks, honeycombs, and other defects.

Disadvantages and Alternative Uses

1. Short Service Life: The actual lifespan is about 10 years, and it is prone to aging, cracks, and leakage.
2. Poor Integrity: The joints are prone to water leakage and require regular maintenance.
3. Alternative Uses:
   • Damp-proof layer: Raise the foundation in humid areas to keep it dry.
   • Roof insulation: Lay it overhead to reduce heat conduction.
   • Temporary rooms: Easy to disassemble and reuse.