Specifications for Prefabricated Panels in Self-Built Houses

The specifications for prefabricated panels in self-built houses primarily cover material selection, structural design, construction installation, and acceptance maintenance, as detailed below:

I. Material Selection Criteria
As a key load-bearing component of the house, prefabricated panels must be selected in accordance with national standards to ensure their load-bearing capacity, crack resistance, and durability meet design requirements. Supporting materials such as steel bars, cement, and sand and gravel that accompany the prefabricated panels must also comply with relevant standards. For example, steel bars should possess sufficient strength and toughness, cement should meet specified strength grades, and sand and gravel should be clean and free of impurities to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

II. Structural Design Criteria

1. Load Calculation: The loads that the prefabricated panels need to bear should be reasonably calculated based on factors such as the house's purpose, number of floors, and geological conditions to ensure structural safety. For instance, load calculations for residential houses should consider factors such as human activity and furniture placement, while industrial buildings should consider equipment weight and dynamic loads during operation.
2. Span and Spacing: The span of the prefabricated panels and the spacing between them should be determined according to design specifications to avoid excessive spans leading to structural instability or insufficient spacing causing material waste. Excessive spans may cause bending and deformation of the prefabricated panels, while insufficient spacing may affect construction efficiency and cost.
3. Connection Methods: The connections between prefabricated panels should be firm and reliable, using methods such as welding, bolt connections, or reserved steel bar overlaps to ensure the coordinated working performance of the overall structure. Connection areas should undergo anti-corrosion treatment to extend service life.

III. Construction Installation Criteria

1. Foundation Treatment: Before construction, the foundation should be treated to ensure it is level and solid, preventing cracking or damage to the prefabricated panels due to uneven settlement of the foundation. Foundation treatment includes steps such as compaction and pouring of concrete cushions.
2. Installation Sequence: The installation of prefabricated panels should be carried out in accordance with design drawings and construction specifications to ensure the correct installation sequence and prevent structural issues due to improper installation. For example, edge panels should be installed first, followed by middle panels, and finally overall adjustments should be made.
3. Support and Fixation: During the installation of prefabricated panels, temporary supports should be set up to ensure their stability during the installation process. After installation is complete, fixation treatment should be carried out to prevent displacement or detachment of the prefabricated panels. Fixation methods can include welding, bolt connections, or pouring of concrete.

IV. Acceptance and Maintenance Criteria

1. Acceptance Criteria: After the completion of the house, acceptance should be carried out in accordance with relevant standards to check whether the quality, installation position, and connection conditions of the prefabricated panels meet design requirements. Acceptance contents include the appearance quality, dimensional deviations, and load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated panels.
2. Maintenance: Regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out on the prefabricated panel house to promptly identify and address potential safety hazards, ensuring long-term safe use of the house. Maintenance contents include checking whether the connection areas are loose and whether the prefabricated panels are cracked.