Requirements for Prefabricated Walls of Houses

The requirements for prefabricated walls of houses cover various aspects such as structural performance, functional needs, production processes, and cost-effectiveness, as detailed below:

1. Strength and Stability The walls must possess sufficient load-bearing capacity to resist self-weight, live loads, and external forces (such as wind loads and seismic actions). Material selection should comply with the designed strength grade, and cross-sectional design should determine reasonable dimensions through calculations. Connection joints (such as those between walls and floors or beams) should adopt reliable methods (such as welding, bolt connections, or concrete pouring) to ensure the overall structure remains stable under load, avoiding deformation or collapse.

2. Thermal and Acoustic Performance Based on climate zones, walls must meet insulation requirements. For example, in cold regions, high-efficiency insulation materials (such as polystyrene boards or rock wool) or composite structures (such as sandwich insulation wall panels) should be used to reduce thermal bridging effects; in hot regions, both insulation and ventilation designs should be considered. Acoustic performance is achieved through material density, thickness, or air layers. For instance, using double-layer wall panels filled with sound-absorbing materials can effectively reduce noise transmission, meeting acoustic requirements for residential or industrial spaces.

3. Fire Protection and Waterproofing/Damp-proofing Fire protection design should divide fire compartments according to the building's fire resistance rating, with wall materials meeting corresponding combustion performance (such as Class A non-combustible materials) and fire barriers installed. Waterproofing requirements target moist areas like bathrooms and kitchens, necessitating concrete curbs at the base of walls and the application of waterproof coatings or the laying of waterproof membranes on surfaces. Damp-proofing is achieved through horizontal damp-proof layers (such as tar paper or waterproof mortar) or vertical damp-proof layers (such as waterproof coating applications) to prevent ground moisture penetration and avoid wall condensation or mildew.

4. Thickness and Connection Design The thickness of prefabricated walls should be selected based on usage scenarios: 75mm walls are suitable for interior partitions; 90mm and 100mm walls are used for exterior wall insulation and light-duty houses; 120mm walls are for heavy industrial buildings. Connection design should comply with specifications:

• The bottom joint should be set at the floor level, with a height of ≥50mm. The post-poured concrete should be dense, and the surface should have a roughened depth of ≥6mm to enhance bonding;
• At horizontal joints between upper and lower walls, the vertical reinforcement of edge members should have a lap length of ≥1.6laE, with a center-to-center distance of ≤4d (d being the reinforcement diameter);
• For standard fortification-class buildings with a load-bearing part thickness of ≤200mm, vertical distribution reinforcement can be connected in a single row, but it should be located in the middle of the inner and outer reinforcement, with a spacing of ≤300mm.

5. Industrialization and Cost-effectiveness Wall design should adapt to the process characteristics of factory prefabrication (such as standardized modules and lightweighting) and on-site assembly (such as rapid hoisting and dry connections), reducing on-site wet operations. Meanwhile, under the premise of meeting functional requirements, costs should be controlled by optimizing material combinations and simplifying structural joints to enhance cost-effectiveness.