Prefabrication of Reinforced Concrete Houses

Prefabrication of reinforced concrete houses refers to the pre-made concrete components that are assembled on-site, divided into on-site prefabrication and factory prefabrication, with the core process being factory prefabrication combined with on-site assembly. The following provides an introduction from multiple aspects:

I. Characteristics of Prefabricated Components

• Shortened Construction Period: Factory production standardizes components, and assembly methods such as steel bar sleeve grouting and prestressed connections can significantly shorten the construction period. For example, traditional self-built houses take 3 to 6 months from bricklaying to completion, while a single 30㎡ module of a prefabricated modular house takes only 7 days for factory prefabrication, and the overall assembly of a 100㎡ house on-site takes only 2 days.
• Cost Reduction: Taking a 120㎡ rural self-built house as an example, the cost of a traditional brick-concrete structure is approximately 180,000 to 220,000 yuan (including labor), while the cost of the main module of a prefabricated house is only 120,000 to 150,000 yuan. With interior and exterior decoration, the total cost can be controlled within 200,000 yuan, representing a 30% reduction in overall cost.
• Reduced Construction Waste: Factory production is fully controllable, with a 95% recovery rate of offcuts. There is no dust or sewage discharge on the construction site, and the amount of construction waste is only 10% of that of traditional house construction.
• Improved Seismic Performance: Prestressed technology can enhance seismic performance. Modules are connected through prestressed bolts + welded steel plates to form an overall framework, with a wind resistance rating of 10 and a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees.
• Stable Quality: Standardized specifications are used in design, ensuring stable quality and high material utilization.

II. Application Types

• Prefabricated Floor Slabs: These include flat slabs, channel slabs, and hollow slabs. Hollow slabs are widely used due to their light weight and cost-effectiveness, while channel slabs adapt to different support requirements through their positive and negative structures. Prestressed technology can save steel and concrete, improve crack resistance, and achieve thinner floor slab thickness, larger spans, and flexible layouts.
• Prefabricated Beams, Walls, and Columns: These cover types such as composite floor slabs, prestressed composite beams, and sandwich insulation exterior walls.

III. Connection Technologies Connection technologies are divided into wet connections (sleeves, grout anchors) and dry connections (embedded connectors, prestressing).

IV. Development Status China built its first building component factory in 1955. In recent years, the application of intelligent production lines has enabled digital upgrades in the process. The development of this technology involves the formulation of national standards such as the Technical Standard for Prestressed Prefabricated Concrete Frame Structures and the Technical Requirements for Complete Sets of Equipment for the Production of Concrete Panels for Prefabricated Buildings.