Reinforcement of Houses with Prefabricated Slab Roofs

Reinforcement of houses with prefabricated slab roofs can be achieved through methods such as pouring composite layers, reinforcing floor openings, and reinforcing prefabricated hollow slabs. The specific operation should be selected based on the structural characteristics of the house and actual needs.

Pouring a Reinforced Concrete 'Composite Layer' on the Prefabricated Slab

This method enhances the overall load-bearing capacity by adding a structural layer on top of the prefabricated slab. Before construction, thoroughly clean the surface of the prefabricated slab to remove dust, oil, and other impurities, ensuring a strong bond between the base layer and the newly poured layer. Subsequently, lay a steel mesh with a diameter of 6 millimeters, with the steel bars spaced at 20-centimeter intervals to form a bidirectional load-bearing network. When pouring, use fine aggregate concrete with a grade not lower than C25, with a typical thickness of 5 to 8 centimeters, ensuring both strength and avoiding excessive load increase. The composite layer must form a unified load-bearing system with the original prefabricated slab, so the concrete must be vibrated densely to avoid voids or cracks. This method is suitable for cases where the overall load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated slab is insufficient, significantly improving the floor's stiffness and resistance to deformation.

Reinforcing Floor Openings

If the opening is located at the mid-span of the floor (the weakest load-bearing area), targeted reinforcement is required. Carbon fiber sheets with equal strength can be pasted on both sides of the opening to compensate for the loss of cross-sectional area caused by the opening using the high tensile strength of carbon fiber. During construction, first grind the edges of the opening to remove burrs and loose parts, then apply a special structural adhesive and paste the carbon fiber sheets flatly and press them firmly to ensure no air bubbles or wrinkles. The pasting direction of the carbon fiber sheets should be consistent with the main load-bearing direction of the floor, and they should cover at least 20 centimeters around the edges of the opening. This method is suitable for houses undergoing local opening modifications, offering simple operation and minimal damage to the original structure.

Reinforcing Prefabricated Hollow Slabs

For prefabricated hollow slabs, the reinforcement method should be selected based on the degree of load increase. If the load increase is minor, carbon fiber sheets can be directly pasted on the bottom of the hollow slab to enhance the bottom's flexural capacity through the constraining effect of the carbon fiber. If the load increase is significant or the bottom of the slab shows obvious deformation, steel beams should be added at the bottom. The steel beams can be connected to the original structure through chemical bolts or welding, forming a new load-bearing system that converts the uniformly distributed load of the hollow slab into concentrated loads on the steel beams, thereby reducing the stress level of the hollow slab itself. The specifications of the steel beams should be determined based on calculations, typically using H-section steel or I-beams, with spacing controlled between 1.5 and 2 meters.

Reinforcement construction should be carried out by a professional team. Before construction, structural inspection and load calculation should be conducted to ensure the scientific nature of the reinforcement plan. After construction, regularly inspect the reinforced areas for cracks or deformation and promptly address any abnormalities.