Prefabricated Slab House Structure Inspection
The inspection of the structure of a prefabricated slab house requires a comprehensive assessment from multiple aspects, including foundation, inclination, floor slabs, walls, joints, usage and renovation conditions, and professional inspection services.
Foundation Inspection: It is necessary to check for any obvious settlement marks on the ground around the house, whether there are height differences between indoor and outdoor floors, and observe whether there are diagonal cracks at the bottom of the walls due to uneven foundation settlement. If there are abnormalities in the foundation, it may lead to cracking, inclination, or deformation of the superstructure.
House Inclination Inspection: Stand at a certain distance and visually inspect whether the overall house has any visible inclination, 'skewing', or 'twisting' phenomena. Inclination may be caused by foundation settlement or uneven structural loading.
Prefabricated Floor Slab Inspection: Observe whether there are horizontal through-cracks or joint cracks on the ceiling (bottom of the prefabricated slab); check for signs of sagging deformation in the middle of the floor slab; and examine the positions where the ends of the prefabricated slabs rest on the walls to see if the concrete is loose, crumbling, or if the steel bars are exposed and rusted.
Load-Bearing Wall Inspection: Focus on checking whether there are vertical or diagonal cracks in the load-bearing walls or whether the lintels above door and window openings are cracked and pressing down and deforming; inspect whether the bricks or masonry at the bottom of the ground-floor walls are severely weathered, spalling, or crumbling; and understand whether the house is equipped with ring beams and structural columns. For brick-concrete prefabricated slab houses of 3 stories or more, if such structures are lacking, the seismic resistance and safety will be significantly reduced.
Joint Connection Inspection: It is necessary to confirm whether the support of the prefabricated slabs on the walls is firm and whether the support length complies with regulations (usually not less than 80mm); check for any separation or cracks at the corners and intersections of the walls.
Usage and Renovation Condition Investigation: It is required to verify whether the house has been unauthorizedly modified by removing or altering load-bearing walls, opening or enlarging door and window openings in load-bearing walls; check for any unauthorized additions (such as adding floors on the roof, adding mezzanines) or stacking heavy objects on the floor slabs; and confirm whether the purpose of the house has been changed. For example, if a house originally designed as a residence is changed to a place with a large number of people, the increased live load may lead to safety accidents.
Professional Inspection Services: Professional agencies can be commissioned to carry out dynamic technical monitoring, establish a digital technology platform for the house, and promptly identify and eliminate safety hazards through 3D modeling and information systems to ensure the safety of the main structure of the building and adjacent buildings.
