How to Reinforce Prefabricated Slab Houses

The reinforcement of prefabricated slab houses should be based on the actual safety appraisal results of the house, and appropriate methods should be selected. The following are common reinforcement methods:

I. Foundation Reinforcement Methods

1. Grouting Reinforcement Method: By injecting cement-based grouting materials into walls or foundations, pores are filled and overall integrity is enhanced, effectively improving seismic performance and preventing deformation or crack propagation.
2. Enlarging Foundation Size: By expanding the foundation base area, the upper load is dispersed, reducing foundation pressure, suitable for situations where foundation bearing capacity is insufficient.
3. Deepening Foundation: Increasing the foundation depth to stable soil layers improves anti-overturning capacity, suitable for soft soil foundations or areas with complex geological conditions.
4. Installing Steel Reinforcement Mesh: Laying a steel reinforcement mesh on the foundation surface and pouring concrete forms a composite structure, enhancing the foundation's shear resistance.

II. Structural Main Body Reinforcement Methods

1. Steel Reinforcement Mesh Reinforcement Method: Laying a bidirectional steel reinforcement mesh on the surface of walls or floor slabs and spraying fine aggregate concrete forms a composite surface layer, improving overall stiffness.
2. Steel Plate Bonding Reinforcement Method: Using structural adhesive to bond steel plates to cracked or deformed areas, improving load-bearing capacity through the协同 work (collaborative work) of the steel plates and the original structure.
3. Profile Steel Reinforcement Method: Installing L-shaped or channel-shaped steel along the four corners under prefabricated slabs forms an octagonal support system, significantly improving the floor slab's flexural capacity.
4. Carbon Fiber Bonding Method: Using high-strength carbon fiber cloth and epoxy resin composite materials to wrap and reinforce beams, slabs, and columns, suitable for lightweight renovation needs.
5. Wall-to-Beam Conversion Method: By adding reinforced concrete beams to replace some load-bearing walls, the structural load transfer path is optimized, requiring temporary support systems during construction.

III. Structural Measure Reinforcement Methods

1. Adding Structural Columns: Setting 240×240mm structural columns at the four corners of the house and at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse walls, with reinforcement using Φ6@200 stirrups and Φ8 longitudinal bars, reliably connected to the floor slab.
2. Slab Joint Treatment: After removing the original filling material, Φ6 deformed steel bars are implanted, and C30 fine aggregate concrete is poured to enhance the connection between slabs.
3. Support System: Steel pipe supports are set every 1.2m along the length of the prefabricated slabs, with key nodes using H-shaped steel beam underpinning, with a steel beam section of ≥200×200mm.

IV. Reinforcement Precautions

1. Priority on Safety Appraisal: Structural damage caused by fires or foundation settlement requires professional appraisal. Reinforcement of such houses is costly and has limited effects, so demolition and reconstruction are recommended.
2. Material Matching: Select materials based on reinforcement goals. For insufficient load-bearing capacity, prioritize carbon fiber cloth or steel plates; for seismic needs, focus on adding supports or steel structure collars.
3. Construction Quality Control: Carbon fiber cloth must fully adhere to the base surface, steel structure collars should be welded or bolted at connections, and grouting materials must be fully vibrated and compacted.
4. Environmental Impact Control: During construction, dust screens and noise reduction equipment should be set up, and work schedules should be reasonably arranged to reduce the impact on surrounding residents.
5. Post-Reinforcement Maintenance: After reinforcement, structural inspections should be conducted every 5 years, focusing on checking for new cracks or deformations in the reinforced areas.