Construction Method for Prefabricated Slab Houses

The construction method for prefabricated slab houses mainly includes key aspects such as the selection of prefabricated floor slab types, construction preparation, and installation processes. Details are as follows:

I. Types and Selection of Prefabricated Floor Slabs

Prefabricated floor slabs are standardized concrete components produced in factories, with common types including prestressed hollow slabs, double-T slabs, and composite slabs. Prestressed hollow slabs enhance crack resistance and load-bearing capacity through prestressed reinforcement and are suitable for floor slabs and roof slabs in multi-story civil buildings. Double-T slabs consist of a panel and parallel ribs, offering large spans and high rigidity, and are commonly used in large-span industrial plants and warehouses. Composite slabs combine a prefabricated base slab with a cast-in-place layer, providing both construction convenience and structural integrity, and are widely used in residential and commercial buildings. Selection should be based on the building structure type, span requirements, and usage scenarios.

II. Construction Preparation

1. Technical Preparation
   Familiarize yourself with construction drawings, design changes, and specification standards, clarifying the slab model, dimensions, installation location, and joint details. Organize technical briefings to ensure construction personnel understand the process, quality standards, and safety precautions. Mark out axis and elevation control lines through on-site layout and positioning to provide a reference for installation.

2. Material and Equipment Preparation
   Check the quality certification documents (certificates of conformity, test reports) and appearance (cracks, chipped edges, dimensional deviations) of the prefabricated floor slabs. Prepare auxiliary materials such as grout and sealant. Select and commission lifting equipment (truck cranes, tower cranes) based on the weight and installation height of the slabs. Equip with tools such as crowbars and level gauges to ensure accuracy.

3. Site Preparation
   Clear the site to ensure it is flat and firm. Harden the stacking area and provide supports to prevent slab deformation. Plan the stacking location reasonably for easy transportation. Check temporary electricity and water facilities to meet construction needs.

III. Installation Process for Prefabricated Floor Slabs

1. Surveying and Layout
   Use a theodolite and level gauge to mark out installation position lines and elevation control lines on walls or beams. The accuracy must meet specification requirements, and survey data should be double-checked to avoid errors.

2. Composite Slab Installation Process
   After foundation treatment, determine the installation position, install temporary supports, and use lifting equipment to hoist the composite slab to the designated location. Adjust the horizontal and vertical alignment before securing it.

3. Key Points for Installation of Other Prefabricated Slabs
   Ensure that the prefabricated slabs are firmly connected to the supporting structure to meet design load-bearing requirements. Treat the joints according to the design during splicing, using grouting or welding methods to ensure strength and stability, and prevent joint seams from affecting structural safety.