Ceiling of Prefabricated Slab House

The ceiling of a prefabricated slab house must strictly adhere to structural safety standards and be constructed scientifically in accordance with the characteristics of the prefabricated slabs. Key considerations include the following:

1. Avoid Random Hole Drilling in Prefabricated Slabs
Prefabricated slabs contain embedded prestressed reinforcement bars, which are crucial for ensuring structural strength. Regulations explicitly prohibit random hole drilling in prefabricated slabs. If drilling is necessary, the following principles must be followed:

• Parallel to the slab direction: A limited number of holes can be drilled, but it is essential to ensure that the internal prestressed reinforcement bars are not cut, as this would compromise the overall load-bearing capacity of the slab.
• Perpendicular to the slab direction: Drilling should be done with caution, as holes in this direction can easily cut at least two reinforcement bars, significantly impacting the structure. It is advisable to avoid drilling in this direction whenever possible. If drilling is unavoidable, a professional structural engineer must evaluate the situation and implement reinforcement measures.

2. Load-Bearing and Joint Treatment of Prefabricated Hollow Slabs (YKB)
Prefabricated hollow slabs are not entirely non-load-bearing; their slab ends must bear the upper loads. Therefore, slab ends must be fitted with end caps to prevent localized stress concentrations that could lead to cracking. Additionally, joint treatment directly affects the structural integrity:

• Joint width: Less than 30mm is considered unqualified and requires rework; 30-50mm is acceptable; 50-110mm requires reinforcement with steel bars within the joint; if the joint width exceeds 110mm but is less than 500mm (exceeding the standard length of a single slab, such as 500, 600, or 900mm), an additional slab must be added to form a slab strip, enhancing structural stability.

3. Lifting Specifications for Prefabricated Composite Slabs
During the installation of prefabricated composite slabs, the lifting process is critical. A dedicated lifting steel beam must be used as the lifting device to ensure that all lifting points bear force simultaneously, preventing cracks or distortions in the components due to uneven force distribution. Before lifting, check that the lifting device is securely connected to the composite slab. Maintain stability during the lifting process to minimize the impact of swaying on the structure.

4. Recommendation for Standardized Prefabricated Modular Ceilings
To improve construction efficiency and quality, it is recommended to use standardized prefabricated modular ceilings. This method involves prefabricating standardized components in a factory and assembling and lifting them directly on-site, reducing on-site wet work and minimizing human operational errors. This approach not only ensures construction quality but also significantly shortens the construction period, making it particularly suitable for the renovation or new construction of prefabricated slab houses.

The ceiling of a prefabricated slab house must balance structural safety with construction standards. From hole drilling restrictions and joint treatment to lifting techniques, every step must strictly adhere to technical requirements. Consult a professional engineer when necessary to ensure the long-term stability and reliability of the ceiling system.