Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete House

A prefabricated reinforced concrete house is a form of construction that involves industrial production of building components and on-site assembly. It is also known as a prefabricated assembled building and offers advantages such as shortened construction periods, reduced pollution, and stable quality.

I. Definition and Types

A prefabricated reinforced concrete house is constructed by prefabricating components such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns in a factory and then transporting them to the site for assembly into a complete building structure. Its types include panel-assembled, box-assembled, and frame-assembled structures, with modular buildings representing a higher level of integration. For example, the Nanjing Jindi Yufang project employs a prestressed prefabricated concrete assembled integral frame structure system, demonstrating the application of frame assembly.

II. Technical Characteristics and Advantages

1. Technical Scope: It utilizes prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with component types including prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns.
2. Core Advantages:
   • Shortened Construction Period: Factory prefabrication and on-site assembly occur concurrently, significantly reducing the construction cycle. For instance, in one case, the main structure was completed in 14 days.
   • Reduced Pollution: Industrial production minimizes on-site noise and dust, aligning with green building trends.
   • Stable Quality: Factory production ensures component precision through standardized processes. For example, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs using prestressed technology can save 30%-50% of steel and 10%-30% of concrete while improving crack resistance.
   • High Material Utilization: Standardized design reduces waste, with industrial bases in Fujian Province achieving over 70% reduction in construction waste through policy support.

III. Application Cases

1. Domestic Applications:
   • Since the 21st century, companies like Vanke Group have developed prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems and applied prefabricated frame technology in projects.
   • China's export of prefabricated houses has grown significantly, with the Guangzhou Customs district exporting 1.4 billion yuan worth of movable houses in the first four months of 2026, a year-on-year increase of 38.1%.
2. International Applications:
   • Projects such as the Helsinki Central Library Oodi in Finland and the DNB Bank headquarters in Oslo, Norway, have adopted prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, demonstrating their widespread application in residential and commercial buildings.

IV. Specific Components and Construction

Taking prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs as an example:

• Types and Specifications: They include flat slabs, channel slabs, and hollow slabs, with hollow slabs being widely used due to their light weight and cost-effectiveness. Lengths are typically multiples of 300mm, widths multiples of 100mm, and thicknesses ranging from 120-300mm.
• Installation Requirements: Support lengths must meet or exceed 90mm for walls and 60mm for beams. Slab joint treatment varies based on width, using fine aggregate concrete pouring or steel mesh reinforcement.
• Construction Case: In one project, 5-ton foundation piles were fixed using base plates, beams were quickly connected using mortise-and-tenon joints, stairs were hoisted and installed with 5cm-thick slabs, and component joints were grouted, ensuring efficient and precise construction throughout.