Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Building Architecture

Prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings in building architecture mainly involve prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs. These slabs offer advantages such as saving formwork and improving efficiency, but they have relatively poor integrity and earthquake resistance. Common types include solid slabs, hollow slabs, and channel slabs.

Overview of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs

Prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs are pre-made in component prefabrication factories or on construction sites and then transported to the construction site for installation. Their advantages are significant, including saving formwork, improving working conditions, enhancing production efficiency, accelerating construction speed, facilitating the promotion of building industrialization, and being suitable for non-seismic areas and rooms with relatively regular planar shapes. However, they also have drawbacks such as relatively poor integrity and earthquake resistance, and should be used with caution in areas with extremely high seismic fortification requirements.

Common Classifications and Characteristics

• Prestressed and Non-Prestressed Floor Slabs: Prestressed floor slabs have good stiffness, light weight, material savings, and economic cost. Compared with non-prestressed floor slabs, they can save 30% - 50% of steel and 30% of concrete. They are commonly used in rooms with large spans and should be preferred in construction for prestressed components.
• Solid Slabs: They have flat upper and lower surfaces, are simple to make, have small specifications, generally have a span within 2.4m, and a thickness of about 60mm. They are commonly used in aisles, small rooms, bathrooms, and kitchens.
• Hollow Slabs: These are formed by punching holes longitudinally in solid slabs, with circular holes being the most widely used. There are both prestressed and non-prestressed types, with prestressed slabs being more commonly used. Their spans can reach 6m, 6.6m, 7.2m, etc., with a thickness of 120 - 300mm. They are not suitable for rooms with many pipe penetrations.
• Channel Slabs: These are prefabricated components combining ribs and slabs. They have a relatively thin slab thickness, generally 25 - 30mm, a rib height of usually 120 - 300mm, a slab width of 600 - 1200mm, and a slab span length of usually 3 - 7.2m. They have advantages such as material savings and ease of opening holes, but poor sound insulation. They can be used in areas requiring pipeline laying.

Installation Points

The longitudinal ends of hollow slabs are placed on load-bearing walls or beams. A bedding layer is made at the contact point between the slab end and the wall, and the slab joints are filled with fine aggregate concrete. Generally, the slab end extends 120mm into the wall, and the construction details of a 10 - 20mm bedding thickness and C20 fine aggregate concrete filling are indicated.