Illustration of Prefabricated Panel House Structure

The illustration of the prefabricated panel house structure mainly focuses on the production of prefabricated panels, structural characteristics, and load-bearing structures. Although there is no complete illustration, the structural key points can be explained through text.

Production of Prefabricated Panels: Prefabricated panels are cement components produced in factories and come in two types: solid and hollow. Producing solid prefabricated panels is relatively simple. A wooden model is nailed together, steel bars are arranged inside the model, and then cement is poured in. After the cement dries, the panel is ready. When producing hollow prefabricated panels, a hollow wooden model is nailed first, and steel bars are reasonably arranged in the hollow part of the model. Then, the hollow part is filled with cement. After the cement dries and solidifies, the wooden boards are knocked off, and the remaining cement component is the hollow prefabricated panel. The design of the hollow structure achieves lightweighting by reducing the concrete in non-load-bearing parts, facilitating transportation and installation.

Structural Characteristics of Prefabricated Panel Houses:

• Integrity: The overall integrity of prefabricated panel houses is relatively low. The connections between prefabricated panels usually adopt methods such as reserved holes or slots, followed by grouting or welding. This connection method is relatively not strong enough. When subjected to external forces such as earthquakes, the connection parts are prone to damage, which can lead to the detachment of prefabricated panels or the instability of the overall structure.
• Earthquake Resistance: The earthquake resistance performance is poor. Among the damaged houses in some major earthquake disasters, prefabricated panel buildings account for a relatively large proportion. This is because the defects in their overall integrity and connection methods make it difficult for the house structure to remain stable under the impact of seismic waves.
• Service Life: Manufacturers claim that the service life of prefabricated panels can reach 50 years, but in actual use, phenomena such as aging, rusting, cracking, and leakage may occur after about 10 years. This may be related to various factors such as production technology, usage environment, and later maintenance.
• Sound and Heat Insulation: The sound and heat insulation effects are poor. Due to the structural and material characteristics of prefabricated panels, they have difficulty effectively blocking the transmission of sound and heat, which affects the comfort of living.

Related to Load-Bearing Structures: A load-bearing wall is a wall with prefabricated panels placed on it. It bears the main weight of the house and is the support of the house. It cannot be randomly removed; otherwise, the house structure will become unstable. A non-load-bearing wall does not bear the main weight and is not the support of the house. Its removal generally does not affect the house structure. In the structural diagram of a brick-concrete house, the load-bearing walls are marked with thick black lines, and the non-load-bearing walls are marked with gray or white lines. Generally, in brick-concrete houses, almost all walls are load-bearing walls. In frame-structured houses, the exterior walls are usually load-bearing walls, and the interior walls are generally non-load-bearing walls. The thickness of non-load-bearing walls is generally about 10 cm, and the thickness of load-bearing walls is generally more than 24 cm.