Inspection Standards for Prefabricated Panel Houses
The inspection standards for prefabricated panel houses primarily focus on three aspects: structural safety, public facilities, and unauthorized modifications. After inspection, professional institutions classify the houses according to the 'Standards for Dangerous Building Appraisal' (JGJ 125 - 2016).
Structural Safety Inspection: This is the core aspect. Professional inspectors carefully examine the foundation to check for settlement or cracking, as foundation stability is fundamental to building safety; any issues can lead to overall structural instability. For walls, they inspect for cracks and deformation, as the direction, width, and length of cracks can reflect the stress conditions of the walls. For floor slabs, attention is paid to deflection, i.e., whether the slabs are sagging downward, and whether the steel reinforcement is corroded, as corrosion reduces its load-bearing capacity. For example, if through-cracks appear at the joints between prefabricated panels or if the floor slab feels noticeably springy when stepped on, these are critical signals indicating potential structural safety hazards.
Public Facility Inspection: Although not structural issues, these directly affect living safety and quality. Inspectors check for aging pipelines; many prefabricated panel buildings were constructed early, and the original design standards for water and electricity pipelines may no longer meet current usage demands, leading to issues such as leaks, tripping, and sewer blockages in aging pipelines. The effectiveness of waterproofing is also crucial; ineffective waterproofing can cause building leakage, affecting living experience and structural integrity. Additionally, blocked fire exits cannot be overlooked, as blocked exits hinder rescue efforts during emergencies and threaten residents' lives.
Unauthorized Modification Inspection: Inspectors check for unauthorized actions such as removing load-bearing walls, adding structures on rooftops, or converting balconies into kitchens or bathrooms. These actions alter the original load-bearing structure of the building, making the already aged prefabricated panel buildings more vulnerable and increasing the risk of collapse and other safety hazards.
After inspection, qualified professional appraisal institutions issue reports and classify the buildings into four grades according to the 'Standards for Dangerous Building Appraisal' (JGJ 125 - 2016): Grade A indicates no dangerous components, and the structure meets safety requirements for use; Grade B means individual components are dangerous but do not affect the safety of the main structure; Grade C indicates that part of the load-bearing structure does not meet safety requirements for use, and the building is partially in a dangerous state; Grade D means the load-bearing structure no longer meets safety requirements for use, and the entire building is in a dangerous state.
