Prefabricated Panel Frame Structure of House

The prefabricated panel frame structure of a house is a building structural form where beams and columns are connected by steel bars to form a load-bearing system, and walls are only used for enclosure and separation without participating in load-bearing.

Structural Composition and Load-Bearing Principle

The core of the prefabricated panel frame structure is the beam-column system. Beams and columns are connected by steel bars to form a rigid frame that bears vertical loads (such as the self-weight of the building and service loads) and horizontal loads (such as wind loads and seismic actions). Walls only serve as enclosure structures (for space separation, thermal insulation) and decorative components without participating in the overall stress. This design allows for flexible internal space layout in the building, enabling adjustments to room partitions according to needs. Moreover, it has a relatively light self-weight, which can reduce the foundation work volume and save material costs.

Construction Characteristics and Advantages

1. Standardization and Assembly: Beam and column components can be prefabricated with uniform dimensions, facilitating quality control and on-site installation. Some structural parts (such as columns) are prefabricated, while others (such as beams) are cast on-site. This approach not only accelerates the construction schedule but also reduces the use of formwork and supports. For example, in wooden house construction, prefabricated panels are commonly used to build the frame, with reserved positions for doors and windows. The roof is assembled to form a circular tray and then connected to the walls, demonstrating the advantages of assembly.
2. Shortened Construction Period: Prefabricated components are produced in factories, and only assembly and a small amount of casting are required on-site, significantly improving construction efficiency. This is especially suitable for multi-story or large-scale building projects.
3. Material Savings: The frame structure has a light self-weight and requires lower bearing capacity from the foundation, reducing the amount of foundation materials used. Additionally, standardized design reduces material waste.

Structural Drawbacks and Solutions

1. Insufficient Lateral Stiffness: The frame structure has relatively weak resistance to lateral forces and is prone to large displacements under horizontal loads (such as earthquakes). During design, the overall stiffness needs to be enhanced by increasing the cross-sectional dimensions of beams and columns or setting up shear walls or bracing systems.
2. Stress Concentration at Nodes: The connection points between beams and columns are key load-bearing parts and are prone to failure due to stress concentration. The reliability needs to be improved by strengthening the node construction (such as densifying stirrups and adopting rigid connections).
3. Limited Seismic Performance: In areas with strong earthquakes, a pure frame structure may not meet seismic requirements. It needs to be combined with other structural forms (such as frame-shear wall structures) or adopt seismic isolation and damping technologies.

Application Scenarios

The prefabricated panel frame structure is widely used in multi-story residential buildings, office buildings, teaching buildings, and other structures, especially those with high requirements for space flexibility and tight construction schedules. In wooden houses and light steel structure buildings, the prefabricated panel frame is also commonly used to quickly build the basic structure, with subsequent assembly to complete the overall construction.