Prefabricated Integrated Housing Construction

Prefabricated integrated housing construction adopts modular or integrated building systems, achieving efficient construction through factory prefabrication and rapid on-site assembly, with advantages such as short construction periods, controllable quality, and environmental protection and energy efficiency.

Construction Methods

1. Modular Construction: The building is divided into independent functional modules (such as ceilings, floors, plumbing and electrical lines, etc.), which are manufactured in the factory and then transported to the site for assembly. For example, the affordable housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, was assembled from 6,028 concrete modules, reducing the construction period from 2.5-3 years to 1 year and decreasing on-site labor by approximately 50%.
2. Integrated Building System: By optimizing design, materials, equipment, and management through BIM technology, it achieves prefabrication of plumbing and electrical lines and over 90% factory production of components and fittings. A typical example is Modular Integrated Construction (MiC). After applying this technology, the construction period of Building No. 8 on Huapichang Hutong in Beijing was reduced to 90 days.

Construction Process

1. Factory Prefabrication: Module manufacturing is completed in a vertical factory using automated production lines and parallel operation modes, shortening the construction period by more than 60% compared to traditional buildings. Each module is labeled with an 'ID card' (project name, model, production date, etc.) to ensure traceability.
2. On-site Assembly: Modules are transported using equipment such as tower cranes and assembled according to design positioning, with errors controlled in millimeters. For example, a prefabricated house in rural South Korea was completed in 14 days. It was fixed with a 5-ton foundation pile using a base plate, with beams connected using mortise-and-tenon joints, and finally fused into a whole through grouting.

Advantages

1. Short Construction Period: The integrated building system has an annual growth rate of over 10%, with the domestic market size reaching hundreds of billions of yuan in 2023.
2. Controllable Quality: Factory production reduces human errors, and modular design facilitates quality inspection and maintenance.
3. Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency: Construction material waste is reduced by 25%, and on-site noise, dust, and construction waste are significantly decreased, meeting green building standards.

Technical Requirements

It requires a well-established industrial foundation, including technical systems, production systems, and industrial clusters. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has set a goal of having prefabricated buildings account for more than 30% of all construction by 2025, promoting the industry's transformation towards industrialization and intelligence.