Thermal Insulation Measures for Prefabricated Houses
Thermal insulation measures for prefabricated houses mainly include exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, floor insulation, and reasonable window and door design.
Exterior Wall Insulation: Common methods include hanging-type exterior wall insulation and insulation board plastering exterior wall insulation, which form an insulation layer by adhering or hanging insulation materials onto prefabricated exterior wall panels. For example, a system combining 200mm-thick autoclaved aerated concrete wall panels with 50mm-thick vacuum insulation panels (VIP boards) can be used. The construction varies across different climate zones; in hot-summer and cold-winter regions, a construction with concrete edges is often adopted. Additionally, the thermal bridge effect can be reduced by optimizing the construction through changes in the positions of prefabricated component joints, window (door) frame installations, and wall/panel positions. The selection of insulation materials is crucial, with options such as polyurethane, extruded boards, polystyrene boards, and vacuum insulation panels (VIP boards, with a thermal conductivity λ ≤ 0.008 W/(m·K), apparent density ≥ 280 kg/m³, compressive strength ≥ 0.3 MPa, and dimensional deviation ±1 mm). These materials offer excellent thermal insulation performance and durability.
Roof Insulation: By installing insulation materials, such as roof insulation boards, beneath the roof, the infiltration of cold air from the roof into the interior can be reduced. The roof can be designed with an inverted insulation construction, using 100mm-thick extruded polystyrene foam boards (XPS, with a thermal conductivity λ ≤ 0.028 W/(m·K), compressive strength ≥ 250 kPa, combustion performance of Class B1, and water absorption ≤ 1.5%). Roof insulation also needs to consider waterproofing and ventilation performance, with reasonable drainage paths set up to prevent moisture accumulation from damaging the insulation layer.
Floor Insulation: 30mm-thick graphite-modified polystyrene boards (GEPS, with a thermal conductivity λ ≤ 0.032 W/(m·K), tensile strength ≥ 0.15 MPa, and oxygen index ≥ 30%) can be laid to effectively block the upward transfer of cold air from the floor and enhance indoor temperature stability.
Window and Door Design: Choose efficient thermal insulation windows and curtains to reduce heat loss through windows. For large prefabricated houses, double-glazed or multi-glazed windows can be used to enhance thermal insulation effects. During window and door installation, attention should be paid to sealing performance to ensure that gaps between windows/doors and walls are effectively filled, preventing cold air infiltration.
