On-site Installation of Prefabricated Houses

On-site installation of prefabricated houses involves disassembling buildings into independent modules, prefabricating them in factories, and then transporting them to the site for assembly into a finished structure. The core processes and characteristics are as follows:

1. Modular Prefabrication Process
Components such as ceilings, floors, walls, and water and electrical pipelines are all prefabricated on factory assembly lines. Each module undergoes precise processing through standardized design. For example, the prefabricated components of a real estate project in Shanghai are all equipped with 'ID cards' that indicate the project name, product model, and production date, ensuring full traceability throughout the process. The controlled factory environment allows for dimensional tolerances of the components to be controlled within millimeters, avoiding quality fluctuations caused by manual operations in traditional construction.

2. On-site Assembly Techniques
Prefabricated modules are transported to designated locations using equipment such as tower cranes and are fixed using methods such as bolting, welding, or wet work. For instance, in a public housing project in Shenzhen, 6,028 concrete modules were assembled into five nearly 100-meter-high buildings using a high-precision positioning system, with reserved water and electrical interfaces between modules enabling 'plug-and-play' functionality. The assembly process is similar to building with blocks but requires strict adherence to the construction sequence, starting with the installation of bottom-level modules and progressing upward layer by layer, while ensuring structural stability through temporary support systems.

3. Core Advantages

• Reduced Construction Time: The modular construction cycle is reduced by more than 60% compared to traditional methods. The completion and delivery time of the Shenzhen project was compressed from 2.5-3 years to 1 year, primarily due to the simultaneous factory prefabrication and on-site construction, as well as the significantly higher assembly efficiency compared to wet work.
• Consistent Quality: The factory environment eliminates weather interference, and indicators such as component strength and waterproof performance are strictly tested using automated equipment. For example, prefabricated walls can integrate insulation layers, avoiding secondary pollution from on-site construction.
• Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency: On-site labor is reduced by approximately 50%, and noise, dust, and construction waste emissions are reduced by more than 70%. The Shenzhen project reduced traffic congestion through modular construction, resulting in a 90% decrease in complaints from surrounding residents.
• Convenient Maintenance: Modular design supports partial replacement. For example, a project's prefabricated bathroom uses integral hoisting technology, allowing for later maintenance without damaging the main structure.

4. Application Scenarios
This technology is suitable for standardized buildings such as high-rise residential buildings, hotels, and schools. The Shenzhen public housing project demonstrated its ability to meet complex structural requirements by achieving a height of 100 meters with 6,028 modules. In the future, with the popularization of BIM technology, modular buildings will develop towards personalized customization, such as generating irregular modules through parametric design to balance efficiency and aesthetic needs.