Illustrated Guide to the Manufacturing Process of Prefabricated Houses
The manufacturing process of prefabricated houses can be divided into four key steps: module disassembly and factory prefabrication, parallel operations and automated production, module transportation and on-site assembly, and quality control and environmental optimization.
Module Disassembly and Factory Prefabrication: Buildings are disassembled into independent modules, such as ceilings, floors, and bathrooms, with each module undergoing integrated manufacturing of structure, electromechanical systems, interior decoration, and exterior finishes on a factory assembly line. For example, the CSCEC Hailong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park achieves large-scale production of concrete modules through a four-story vertical factory, with an annual delivery volume of 20,000 to 30,000 units. Modules incorporate integrated water and electricity pipelines, waterproof layers, etc., with precision controlled to the millimeter level to ensure accurate subsequent assembly. This stage centralizes the dispersed processes of traditional on-site construction in the factory, laying the foundation for subsequent efficient production.
Parallel Operations and Automated Production: The factory adopts a parallel construction mode, with over 70% of processes completed within the factory. Through the use of welding robots, highly automated assembly stations, and other equipment, production efficiency is significantly improved, and construction periods can be shortened by over 60%. For example, the intelligent production line of CSCEC Science and Technology Corporation in Huizhou, Guangdong, can complete over 90% of the production work for steel structure modules, with the manufacturing of open kitchens, independent bathrooms, and other modules all completed at this stage. The application of automated equipment not only increases production speed but also reduces human errors, ensuring module quality.
Module Transportation and On-site Assembly: Prefabricated modules are transported to the construction site by tower cranes and assembled in a 'building block' manner. Each module comes with an 'ID card' recording project name, model, production date, and other information to ensure installation accuracy. For example, the Shenzhen public housing project was assembled from 6,028 concrete modules, with the completion period shortened from the traditional 2.5-3 years to 1 year, and on-site labor reduced by 50%. This assembly method significantly shortens the construction period and reduces on-site management difficulty.
Quality Control and Environmental Optimization: The factory reduces material waste by over 25% and construction waste emissions by over 75% through intelligent production lines, while also improving waterproofing, sound insulation, and earthquake resistance. Modules can be disassembled and stacked, with a reuse rate exceeding 90%, aligning with green building principles. For example, the concrete modules from the CSCEC Hailong Industrial Park in Shenzhen have been applied in scenarios such as public housing and hospitals, demonstrating the environmental advantages of industrialized construction.
