Prefabricated House Construction Safety

Ensuring the safety of prefabricated house construction requires a comprehensive approach covering component management, hazard identification, regulatory safeguards, and protective measures.

I. Full-Process Safety Management of Components
The core of prefabricated house construction involves breaking down the building into components for prefabrication and subsequent on-site assembly. Key attention must be paid to transportation, storage, lifting, and installation stages. During transportation, components must be securely fastened to prevent damage from vibrations. Storage sites should be level and solid, with stacking meeting support requirements to avoid deformation caused by ground settlement or improper stacking. Before lifting, the load-bearing capacity of lifting equipment and rigging must be inspected, and lifting points must be accurately positioned to prevent component falls due to overloading or lifting point displacement. During installation, component connections must be secure, with the overlap length between prefabricated slabs and walls being no less than 80mm to prevent structural instability caused by loose connections.

II. Hazard Identification in Old Prefabricated Slab Houses
Identification should focus on three aspects: structural integrity, condition of core components, and usage and modification history. For structural integrity, inspect signs of foundation settlement, diagonal cracks at the base of walls, and overall building tilt. For core components, observe transverse through-cracks in prefabricated floors, joint cracking, and sagging deformation; inspect vertical and diagonal cracks in load-bearing walls, weathering and spalling of brickwork at the base of ground-floor walls, and verify the security of node connections. Regarding usage and modifications, investigate actions such as removal or alteration of load-bearing walls, unauthorized additions (e.g., rooftop extensions, overloading of floors), and changes in use (e.g., conversion of residential buildings to densely populated venues).

III. Regulatory and Institutional Safeguards
Guangdong Province has enhanced construction safety through four strengthening measures: strengthening institutional safeguards by refining criteria for identifying major accident hazards and improving policies on fire safety and construction waste management; strengthening regulatory enforcement by severely punishing behaviors that reduce safety conditions or violate regulations on the management of major hazard projects; strengthening supervision and assistance by promoting the identification and rectification of major hazards; and strengthening technological empowerment by compiling the "Guangdong Provincial Construction Safety Hazard Identification Atlas for Prefabricated Buildings" to provide technical references for hazard identification.

IV. Safety Protection Recommendations
Before construction, a specialized safety plan should be formulated to clarify operational procedures for each stage. Strengthen safety training for construction personnel to familiarize them with the characteristics of prefabricated building construction and hazard prevention measures. Conduct regular safety inspections, focusing on key areas such as component connections and temporary supports. For old prefabricated slab houses, promptly commission professional institutions for appraisal upon discovering safety hazards and handle them according to the appraisal results.