Prefabricated House Construction Process
The construction process of a prefabricated house typically includes six core steps: foundation treatment, installation of foundation piles and beams, main structure construction, floor and roof installation, gap treatment and reinforcement, and internal and external finishing.
Foundation treatment is the foundational step in construction. The site must first be leveled, and weeds, stones, and other debris cleared to ensure a flat foundation surface. For example, in a rural case in South Korea, foundation pits are excavated to a depth of about 60 centimeters, and white plastic sheets are laid to prevent water loss during subsequent concrete pouring. Then, a non-reinforced concrete pad is poured to provide stable support for the subsequent structure.
Installation of foundation piles and beams is carried out after the concrete pad has solidified. First, sole plates are installed and prefabricated foundation piles are fixed. Each foundation pile can weigh up to about 5 tons, and its stability must be ensured. Next, the beams are spliced together, fixed with mortise-and-tenon joints or nuts, and the gaps are filled with expanding foam and sealed with cement to prevent rainwater infiltration and affect structural stability.
Main structure construction relies on factory-prefabricated modular components. Modules such as prefabricated walls and floor joists are lifted to the site by cranes and assembled according to the design drawings. Taking a wooden prefabricated house as an example, workers first build the chassis frame, lay the floor joists, then install the wall modules layer by layer, and fix them with metal connectors or nail guns to ensure tight connections between components.
Floor and roof installation involves first laying a thin floor slab (e.g., 5 centimeters thick) to press down on the edges of the beams and enhance overall integrity. Subsequent reinforcement can be achieved through secondary grouting or reinforced concrete pouring. For the roof, prefabricated trusses are installed and precisely aligned with the top beams of the walls to form a complete load-bearing structure.
Gap treatment and reinforcement are crucial steps to ensure house safety. All component gaps are grouted, and the connections of load-bearing columns require secondary reinforcement. A steel mesh is laid and concrete is poured to form a sturdy composite structure, improving the house's earthquake resistance and durability.
Internal and external finishing includes the installation of water and electricity pipelines, partition wall frames, and other internal fine divisions, as well as external insulation and moisture-proof treatment (e.g., laying foam boards) to enhance living comfort. The entire process combines factory prefabrication with on-site assembly, significantly shortening the construction period (e.g., completing the main structure in 14 days) and relying on high-precision design and automated production to ensure quality.
