Construction Process of Prefabricated Houses

The construction process of prefabricated houses centers around 'factory prefabrication + on-site assembly', achieving efficient construction through standardized and modular design. The specific process is as follows:

1. Foundation Treatment

The foundation is the basis for the stability of the house and requires targeted treatment according to geological conditions. First, use an excavator to clear the site of weeds and stones, level the ground, and then excavate foundation pits. Lay white plastic sheeting (a moisture barrier) at the bottom of the pits and pour a concrete垫层 (concrete cushion). For example, in rural South Korea, the thickness of the concrete cushion must meet load-bearing requirements to ensure uniform force on the subsequently installed prefabricated components. If the geology is soft, foundation reinforcement (such as piling or replacement filling) is also required to prevent house settlement.

2. Installation of Prefabricated Components

1. Assembly of Foundation Piles and Beams
   After the concrete has set, install sole plates and fix them to the foundation with expansion screws. Use a crane to lift the prefabricated heavy foundation piles (such as concrete piles, each weighing about 5 tons) and precisely embed them into the reserved holes in the sole plates. Then, assemble the beams and secure them with nuts. This step requires strict calibration of verticality and levelness to ensure structural stability.
2. Modular Building Assembly
   The building is disassembled into independent modules (such as ceilings, floors, walls, and plumbing and electrical lines), which are manufactured in the factory and then transported to the site. For example, the public housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, uses 6,028 concrete modules, each marked with 'ID card' information (project name, model, production date, etc.) for quality traceability. The modules are lifted to the designated positions by cranes and initially connected by bolts or welding.

3. Gap Treatment and Fixation

1. Sealing of Structural Gaps
   The gaps between the beams and foundation piles are filled with expanding foam to prevent rainwater infiltration; the areas where nuts are fixed are sealed with cement to avoid corrosion of metal components.
2. Cast-in-Place Connection Between Modules
   In modular buildings, the connection nodes between adjacent modules (such as the junctions between walls and floors) require on-site pouring of concrete or high-strength grout to enhance overall structural stability. For example, the Shenzhen project 'locks' the modules together with a cast-in-place layer, enabling it to withstand an 8-magnitude earthquake.

4. Auxiliary Processes

1. Foundation Backfilling
   After the installation of the main structure is completed, backfill soil around the foundation frame, compact it, and cover it with weed barrier fabric to both protect the foundation and beautify the environment.
2. Factory Production Optimization
   During the factory stage, parallel operations (such as simultaneous production of wall and floor modules) and automation technologies (such as welding robots and intelligent production lines) are adopted to significantly shorten the construction period. For example, the Shenzhen project reduced the construction period by more than 60% compared to traditional buildings and reduced construction waste by 70%.

5. Special Technology Cases

1. AI CNC Wooden Buildings
   Through robotic arms automatically cutting wooden boards (with millimeter-level precision), laser-printing labels for classification, and collaborating with robots to complete wall nailing and load-bearing beam fabrication, the house frame can be completed in 3 days, suitable for rapid construction of temporary housing or post-disaster reconstruction.
2. Wooden Prefabricated Houses
   Combining traditional carpentry skills with prefabrication concepts, the entire construction process is recorded (such as videos of mortise-and-tenon joint processing), emphasizing the application of handmade creativity and eco-friendly materials (such as recycled wood), suitable for personalized scenarios such as cultural tourism homestays.

Different technical routes (concrete modules, wooden structures, AI CNC, etc.) or design requirements may lead to process differences, but the core always revolves around 'factory prefabrication + on-site assembly', balancing efficiency, precision, and environmental protection goals.