Prefabricated House Construction and Assembly

Prefabricated house construction and assembly is a building method that involves disassembling a building into independent modules, prefabricating them in a factory, and then transporting them to the site for assembly. The specifics are as follows:

Component Production: The building is divided into independent modules, which are manufactured in a factory. Items such as ceilings, walls, and bathroom waterproof layers are all produced in the factory. Some scattered components are produced separately and then sent to the assembly station for final assembly. The components include prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns, with technologies including prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures.

On-site Assembly: The prefabricated components from the factory are transported to the construction site for assembly. For example, at a real estate development site in Shanghai, tower cranes transport the prefabricated 'building blocks' and install them in the appropriate positions. Each 'block' has a detailed 'ID card' containing information such as the project name, product model, and production date. When constructing a prefabricated residential building, workers first build the chassis frame of the house on the pre-poured concrete foundation, then lay the floor joists and install wooden panels. After that, they move the prefabricated wall modules onto the platform, align and secure them vertically. Once the exterior wall frame is enclosed, they proceed with internal fine division, building partition wall skeletons while laying the floor beams for the second floor. Finally, they construct the roof, transporting the large triangular trusses into place, with ground and roof workers cooperating to lift and install them on the top beams of the walls.

Types and Characteristics of Assembly Modes:

• Panel Prefabrication: Using prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, it can expand the usable area but is limited in design flexibility.
• Box Prefabrication: By combining prefabricated functional units, construction speed can be increased by 50%-70%, but it has higher requirements for transportation and lifting equipment.
• Modular Construction: It has a higher degree of integration, with ceilings, floors, water and electricity pipelines, etc., all prefabricated on the factory assembly line and then transported to the site for assembly. Compared with traditional construction methods, it has advantages such as shorter construction periods, controllable quality, energy efficiency, environmental protection, and ease of maintenance. The construction period can be shortened by more than 60%, but it has extremely high requirements for the industrial base, needing support from technical systems, production systems, and industrial clusters.

Development History: China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s and was initially applied to factory and residential construction. In the 1970s, driven by the policy of 'industrialization, standardization, and mechanization' in construction, technical systems such as large-panel structures and box structures were formed. In the mid-1980s, it stagnated due to cost and quality defects but revived in the 21st century due to production efficiency and environmental advantages. Companies like Vanke Group have developed prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems and applied prefabricated frame technology in engineering projects.