Prefabricated Floor Slab House Structure
A prefabricated floor slab house is a building constructed primarily using prefabricated slabs, and its structural features are as follows:
Main Components: Prefabricated slabs are cement components manufactured in factories. During production, a wooden mold is first nailed together, followed by the placement of steel reinforcement and the pouring of cement to form the slab. These slabs come in two types: solid and hollow. The hollow structure reduces the weight by minimizing the non-load-bearing concrete, while maintaining load-bearing capacity and reducing self-weight.
Structural Form: Most prefabricated floor slab houses adopt a brick-and-concrete structure, with prefabricated concrete slabs used for the floors and load-bearing brick walls for the walls, resulting in relatively low overall rigidity. The connection between the prefabricated slabs and beams is a pinned joint, which leads to poor structural integrity and makes the structure prone to relative displacement under stress, affecting stability.
Floor Plan Layout: Due to the size limitations of prefabricated slabs, the housing design is relatively fixed, with small room spans, typically ranging from 3 to 4 meters, making it difficult to achieve large open spaces. Additionally, the north-south ventilation is poor, affecting air circulation and natural light, thus reducing living comfort.
Floor Height and Span: The floor height is usually between 2.6 and 2.8 meters, which is relatively low and can create a sense of confinement. Limited by the span of the prefabricated slabs, the spatial layout is compact, with room sizes and functional divisions somewhat restricted.
Load-Bearing Method: The walls are mostly load-bearing, with the floor slabs connected to these walls via prefabricated slabs. The entire structure relies on the load-bearing capacity of the walls. This load-bearing method reduces flexibility in renovation or modification, as large-scale changes to the walls can compromise structural safety.
Performance: The seismic resistance is poor, as the structure, composed of cement components joined together, lacks overall integrity and is vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquakes. The waterproofing and anti-seepage capabilities are also weak, with components prone to cracking and joints serving as potential leakage paths. Additionally, sound insulation and thermal insulation are inadequate, affecting the quietness and comfort of the living environment.
Service Life: The typical service life ranges from 30 to 50 years. After this period, the prefabricated slab house is prone to structural aging, such as cracking of the slabs and reduced load-bearing capacity of the walls. Once classified as a dangerous building, it requires demolition or reinforcement.
