Prefabricated Concrete Slab House Design

The design of prefabricated concrete slab houses has been upgraded from traditional models to a new full-frame shear wall structure, addressing core issues such as sound insulation, water leakage, and earthquake resistance, while offering advantages like rapid construction, energy efficiency, and environmental protection.

Design Features and Defects of Traditional Prefabricated Concrete Slab Houses

Traditional prefabricated concrete slab houses are constructed by assembling pre-fabricated floor slabs, similar to a "building block" approach. Their core design features include:

• Materials and Structure: They use a small amount of steel reinforcement, primarily hollow or solid prefabricated slabs, with brick-and-concrete walls. The floor slabs are joined through gaps at their edges.
• Cost and Construction: They are low-cost and simple to construct, suitable for rapid rural construction needs.

However, significant defects exist:

• Poor Sound Insulation and Waterproofing: Gaps at the edges of the prefabricated slabs result in poor sound insulation, and rainwater can easily seep through these gaps, corroding the steel reinforcement and shortening the house's lifespan.
• Insufficient Structural Stability: Hollow prefabricated slab walls have weak load-bearing capacity and poor earthquake resistance, making them prone to collapse during earthquakes.
• Low Thermal Insulation: The hollow structure leads to rapid heat loss in winter, requiring additional insulation layers and increasing costs.

Due to these issues, traditional prefabricated slab houses have been banned in the construction industry.

Design Innovations and Advantages of New Prefabricated Concrete Houses

The current mainstream design adopts a full-frame shear wall structure, using C35 concrete and Φ14 threaded steel bars as primary materials. The reinforcement ratio per module reaches 1.2%, with wall thickness of 200mm and compressive strength of 30MPa (capable of withstanding 3,000 tons per square meter). Its core design innovations include:

• Connection Method: Modules are connected using both mortise-and-tenon joints and bolts, enhancing overall integrity. In simulated 9-degree earthquake tests, the overall displacement was only 3cm, significantly improving earthquake resistance.
• Energy-Efficient Design: The walls are embedded with EPS insulation layers, reducing heating costs by 50% in winter. The roof is pre-fitted with solar panel interfaces, supporting renewable energy utilization.
• Rapid Construction: The modular design supports factory prefabrication and on-site assembly. For example, a 200㎡ three-story villa in Qixian, Henan, had its main structure assembled in just 4 hours, and Shenzhen's COVID-19 isolation wards were built in 48 hours, reducing construction time by 90% compared to traditional methods.

The new design balances safety, economy, and environmental protection through material upgrades, structural optimization, and intelligent interfaces, becoming the mainstream direction in modern construction.