Prefabricated Concrete Slab House

Prefabricated concrete slab houses are mainly divided into two categories: prefabricated panel houses and prefabricated concrete assembled houses (pre-cast houses), with significant differences in their structures, performances, and application scenarios.

Prefabricated Panel Houses: Traditional Structure with Prominent Existing Issues

Prefabricated panel houses use factory-prefabricated concrete panels as their main components, which are formed through wooden molds, steel bar placement, and cement pouring. They come in two types: solid and hollow. The hollow structure achieves lightweighting by reducing the non-load-bearing concrete, and was widely used in residential floor slabs and roof insulation layers from the early 20th century to before 1985. However, their defects have gradually emerged: weak earthquake resistance, as the simple connection method of components makes it difficult to withstand seismic forces; poor sound insulation and thermal insulation, as concrete has high thermal conductivity, and the hollow structure, while reducing weight, does not significantly improve thermal performance; limited service life, approximately 30-50 years, with some old houses already showing structural aging. Since 2022, China has implemented renovation policies, focusing on repairing and renovating prefabricated panel houses, and only demolishing buildings that meet the criteria for dangerous houses to balance safety needs with resource utilization.

Prefabricated Concrete Assembled Houses (Pre-cast Houses): Industrial Upgrades with Significant Advantages

Prefabricated concrete assembled houses are produced industrially with components (such as beams, panels, walls, and columns) and assembled on-site, covering three types: panel assembly, box assembly, and frame assembly. Their development can be divided into three stages: starting with factory and residential construction in the 1950s, forming technical systems such as large panel structures in the 1970s, and experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century due to production efficiency and environmental advantages. Core advantages include:

• Shortened construction period: For example, a public housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, used 6,028 concrete modules for assembly, reducing the construction period from 2.5-3 years to 1 year;
• Reduced pollution: Modular construction reduces construction waste by more than 70%, and significantly lowers on-site noise and dust;
• Improved efficiency: Box assembly construction speed increases by 50%-70%, but requires high-standard transportation and lifting equipment;
• Policy support: Regions such as Fujian Province promote technology popularization through industrial base construction, and export data (such as a 38.1% increase in exports by enterprises in the Guangzhou Customs district in the first four months of 2026) confirms market recognition.

The differences between the two types of houses reflect the evolution of building technology from traditional manual methods to industrialization and intelligence, with prefabricated concrete assembled houses becoming the mainstream direction of modern architecture.