Prefabricated Concrete Reinforced Steel House

A prefabricated concrete reinforced steel house, also known as a pre-cast house, is a form of construction that involves the industrial production of building components and their on-site assembly. It offers advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced pollution, with a technical system covering various types and structural forms.

1. Core Definition and Technical Classification

Prefabricated concrete reinforced steel houses belong to the category of prefabricated assembled buildings. Their core involves the factory prefabrication of components such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns, which are then transported to the site and assembled into an integral structure through reliable connection methods. Based on the component combination method, they are mainly classified into three types:

1. Panel-assembled: Using prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, the building's main body is formed through connection nodes. This type of building can expand indoor usable area, but its design flexibility is limited by the standardized dimensions of prefabricated components.
2. Box-assembled: Functional units such as bathrooms and kitchens are prefabricated into independent 'boxes' and rapidly constructed through hoisting and combination. Its construction speed is 50%-70% faster than traditional methods, but it requires high load-bearing capacity and hoisting precision from transportation equipment.
3. Frame-assembled: Using a prefabricated frame structure (such as beams and columns) as the main body, combined with prefabricated floor slabs and enclosure structures, an integral load-bearing system is formed. This type of structure is suitable for high-rise buildings, such as the prestressed prefabricated concrete assembled integral frame structure system used in the Nanjing Jindi Yufang project.

2. Technical Development History

China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s and was initially applied to factory and residential construction. In the 1970s, driven by the policy of 'three modernizations' (standardization, industrialization, and generalization) in construction, technical systems such as large-panel structures and box structures were formed. In the mid-1980s, the technology stagnated due to cost and quality defects. After the 21st century, with the improvement of production efficiency and the growth of environmental protection demands, the technology has revived. For example, Vanke Group has developed an assembled shear wall residential structure system and widely applied prefabricated frame technology in projects.

3. Structural Types and Seismic Performance

Reinforced concrete residential buildings can be classified into cast-in-place integral, prefabricated assembled, and assembled integral types based on construction methods. Among them, the prefabricated assembled type forms an integral load-bearing system through reliable connections between components (such as grout anchor connections and sleeve grouting connections), possessing strong seismic resistance. For example, the 171 reinforced concrete new houses rebuilt after the disaster in Xialasu Village, Tibet, in 2026, adopted a frame-shear wall structure, forming a composite system through bonding action, capable of withstanding an 8-magnitude earthquake.

4. Application Advantages and Policy Support

Prefabricated assembled buildings can reduce construction waste by more than 70% and lower construction noise and dust pollution. Regions such as Fujian Province have established industrial bases through policy support to promote the standardization and large-scale application of the technology. Additionally, Chinese-made prefabricated houses are selling well overseas due to cost advantages and technical maturity. According to customs data, in the first four months of 2026, the Guangzhou Customs district exported movable houses worth 1.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.1%.