Structural Drawings of Prefabricated Concrete Houses

The core content of structural drawings for prefabricated concrete houses can be analyzed through four aspects: the composition of structural construction drawings, the design of prefabricated systems, the types of components and connection methods, and key points for interpreting the drawings:

1. Composition of Structural Construction Drawings Concrete structural construction drawings are fundamental documents for the design of prefabricated houses, including foundation plans, floor structural plans, roof structural plans, component details, and structural design specifications.

• Foundation Details: These must indicate cross-sectional dimensions, materials (such as concrete strength grades), foundation elevation, damp-proof layer location, etc., to ensure foundation bearing capacity and durability. For example, independent foundations must specify the location of column reinforcement and anchorage length.
• Floor Structural Plans: These must indicate the names, numbers, positioning dimensions, and relationships with walls of prefabricated components (such as beams, slabs, and columns). For example, composite slabs must specify the thickness of the prefabricated part and the cast-in-place layer, as well as the connection method.
• Roof Structural Plans: These must specify the roof drainage slope, the arrangement of prefabricated components (such as saddle slabs), and the design of support nodes.

2. Prefabricated Concrete Structural Systems Prefabricated houses typically adopt prefabricated systems, which are divided into two categories: fully prefabricated and fully assembled dry connections, and assembled monolithic systems:

• Fully Prefabricated and Fully Assembled Dry Connections: Components are prefabricated in factories and connected on-site using dry methods such as bolts and welding, reducing wet work. For example, the Changzhou project by Jiangsu Peifeng Green Building uses prefabricated concrete bent columns and saddle slab roofs to achieve a combination of steel-structure-like construction speed and concrete durability.
• Assembled Monolithic Systems: Prefabricated components are connected to form a whole using post-cast concrete or grout. Common systems include:
  • External Wall Panel Systems: Vertical structures are cast in place, and external wall panels do not participate in load-bearing. The prefabrication ratio ranges from 10% to 50%, suitable for residential or office buildings.
  • Assembled Frame Systems: Prefabricated columns, composite beams, etc., with a prefabrication ratio of up to 80%, suitable for industrial plants or large-span buildings.
  • Composite Shear Wall Systems: Prefabricated shear walls are combined with composite floor slabs, offering fast construction speeds and suitable for high-rise residential buildings.

3. Types of Prefabricated Components and Connection Methods Basic components of prefabricated houses include:

• Columns: Solid columns, rectangular column shells, with cross-sectional dimensions, reinforcement, and connection nodes indicated.
• Beams: Solid beams, composite beams, with the interface treatment between the prefabricated part and the cast-in-place layer specified for composite beams.
• Shear Walls: Prefabricated shear walls must indicate the connection method of vertical reinforcement (such as sleeve grouting connections).
• Floor Slabs: Composite slabs, hollow slabs, with composite slabs specifying the thickness of the prefabricated base slab and the arrangement of reinforcement in the cast-in-place layer.
• Stairs: Prefabricated stairs must indicate step dimensions and support connection methods (such as reserved reinforcement welding). Connection methods must be selected according to load-bearing requirements: dry connections (bolts, welding) are suitable for non-structural components; post-cast concrete connections (such as sleeve grouting, grout-anchor connections) are suitable for structural components to ensure integrity.

4. Key Points for Interpreting Drawings

• Foundation Drawings: Verify the consistency of axis numbers and dimensions with the architectural plan, and check whether the locations of reserved trenches and holes meet equipment installation requirements.
• Floor Structural Plans: Combine with the architectural plan to clarify the arrangement and positioning of prefabricated components, avoiding conflicts with pipelines.
• Assembled Structures: Focus on detailed drawings of connection nodes, such as column-to-column and beam-to-column connections, to ensure construction feasibility. For example, sleeve grouting connections must indicate the dimensions of grouting channels and construction requirements.

For specific drawing examples, refer to the factory layout plan of the Changzhou project by Jiangsu Peifeng Green Building or the standard component details of the assembled system.