Prefabricated Concrete House Construction

Prefabricated concrete house construction involves pre-making concrete components and assembling them on-site to complete the house construction process, characterized by high efficiency, precision, and good seismic performance.

Component Types and Prefabrication Methods

The core components of prefabricated concrete houses include prefabricated floor slabs, beams, walls, columns, etc., with specific types covering composite floor slabs, prestressed composite beams, sandwich insulation exterior walls, and more. Component prefabrication is divided into two categories: on-site prefabrication and factory prefabrication, with factory prefabrication being the mainstream method. The factory prefabrication process is as follows:

1. Mold Assembly: Workers assemble metal steel plates into molds using bolt connectors and spray mold release agents on the surface for easy demolding.
2. Reinforcement Cage Placement: Reinforcing bars are placed crosswise in the mold and tied into a mesh cage with steel wires to enhance the tensile strength of the concrete.
3. Connector Installation: Connectors are placed symmetrically inside the reinforcement mesh to serve as connection points between the component and the crane.
4. Concrete Pouring and Curing: Concrete is filled into the mold, vibrated with a vibrator to remove air bubbles, and the surface is smoothed before covering with a plastic shed. Internal heating promotes the cement hydration reaction to improve component quality.

On-site Assembly Process

The on-site assembly of prefabricated concrete houses is relatively fast, with a two-story reinforced concrete shell house taking only about two weeks to complete, for example. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Foundation Treatment: Dig a pit about 1 meter deep on the home site, lay a moisture-proof PE film at the bottom, and pour "discarded concrete" (construction waste concrete) as the base with a thickness exceeding 10 cm to form a stable foundation after solidification.
2. Guide Plate Installation: Install guide plates on the base to locate prefabricated concrete piles and ensure component installation accuracy.
3. Floor Slab Installation: Large prefabricated concrete floor slabs are placed on the guide plates and fixed to the piles through connectors.

Production Process and Connection Technology

1. Production Process: Processes such as fixed pedestal method and vertical mold method are adopted, achieving millimeter-level precision control through standardized processes such as mold table cleaning, mold assembly, and concrete pouring.
2. Connection Technology: It is divided into wet connections (such as sleeves and grout anchors) and dry connections (such as embedded connectors and prestressing). Among them, prestressing technology enhances the seismic performance of components by applying pre-compression stress and is suitable for earthquake-prone areas.

Prefabricated concrete house construction significantly shortens the construction period through standardized production and efficient assembly while ensuring structural precision and seismic performance, making it an important direction for modern building industrialization.