Prefabricated Concrete House Construction

Prefabricated concrete house construction involves the industrial production of building components and their on-site assembly to complete the house construction process. Details are as follows:

I. Component Production
On standardized production lines, fully mechanized operations are used to complete processes such as steel bar tying, mold assembly, and concrete pouring. For example, the production cycle for a single module is only 7 days, with an error margin controlled within 2 millimeters. Concrete modules are made from raw materials such as sand, stone, cement, and fly ash, which are proportioned and formed through high-frequency vibration and vertical extrusion to create standardized, normalized, and serialized products.

II. Component Types

1. Basic Components: These include prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns.
2. Functional Classifications:
   • Block Types: Used for underground structures such as drainage inspection wells and septic tanks in municipal engineering.
   • Building Types: Most processes are completed in the factory and then transported to the site for hoisting and assembly, suitable for high-rise residential buildings, schools, emergency housing, and other structures. For example, during the 2024 Shenzhen epidemic prevention period, a prefabricated concrete house project built 300 isolation wards in 48 hours, reducing the traditional construction period by 90%.

III. On-Site Assembly

1. Hoisting Technology: Equipment such as cranes is used in conjunction with intelligent positioning systems for hoisting. For example, a 50-ton crane can complete the main installation of a single villa in 4 hours, and a 100㎡ house can be ready for occupancy in just 5 days from an empty lot.
2. Connection Methods:
   • Mortise and Tenon + Bolt Dual Connection: In Wenchuan earthquake simulation tests, the overall displacement was only 3cm under 9-degree intensity shaking.
   • Mortise and Tenon Structure Rapid Docking: Crossbeams are quickly connected through mortise and tenon joints, and components such as stairs and floor slabs are hoisted in sequence, followed by grouting of the gaps.

IV. Technical System and Advantages

1. Technical System: It covers prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures.
2. Core Advantages:
   • Reduced Construction Time: A 300㎡ house that traditionally takes 6 months to build can be completed in just 1 day with prefabricated concrete, improving efficiency by 180 times.
   • Cost Reduction: The labor cost for a 100㎡ house built traditionally is 60,000 yuan, while for a prefabricated concrete house, it is 24,000 yuan, a reduction of 60%.
   • Pollution Reduction: Traditional construction generates 30 tons of construction waste per building, while prefabricated concrete houses generate only 0.5 tons, a reduction of 98%.

V. Development History and Application Cases
China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s and was initially applied to factory and residential construction. In the 21st century, it has seen a resurgence due to its production efficiency and environmental advantages, with companies like Vanke Group developing prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems. In 2026, the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4 adopted prefabricated concrete module construction techniques, with the first hoisted module weighing 454.289 tons, marking the mature application of this technology in large-scale projects.