Prefabricated Concrete Exterior Wall Panels for Houses

Prefabricated concrete exterior wall panels for houses are made of reinforced concrete and are used as wall panels for the building's exterior enclosure structure, suitable for exterior wall projects of buildings such as concrete frame structures and steel structures. The following provides an introduction from the aspects of types, development history, functional structure, material requirements, connection methods, and waterproof design:

• Types: According to the structural composition, there are prefabricated concrete external wall panels (composed of inner and outer leaf wall panels and a sandwich insulation layer) and ultra-high-performance concrete exterior wall panels, etc. According to the insulation structure levels, they are divided into single-leaf panels (single-layer panels), two-in-one panels (single-leaf panel + insulation), and three-in-one panels (sandwich insulation panels).
• Development history: In North America, the exploration of the development and application of prefabricated concrete began in the 1920s. In Europe, the double-sided composite shear wall structural system was developed. In Japan, technical systems such as the WPC system, WRPC system, RPC structural system, and HPC construction method were formed.
• Functional structure: As non-load-bearing exterior enclosure components installed on the main structure, they mainly serve as exterior enclosures and decorations, and have functions such as insulation, fire resistance, and heat insulation. The typical structure consists of an inner leaf wall panel, an outer leaf wall panel, a sandwich insulation layer, connectors, and a facing layer.
• Material requirements: The concrete strength grade should not be lower than C30. Reinforcing bars should preferably be HRB400 grade steel or cold-drawn low-carbon steel wires. The reinforcement should preferably be double-layered and bidirectional. The diameter of the reinforcing bars should not be less than 5mm, and the spacing should not be greater than 200mm. Insulation layer materials are divided into organic and inorganic types. For organic materials, the thermal conductivity should not be greater than 0.04W/(m·k), and the combustion performance should not be lower than Class B2. For inorganic materials, the combustion performance should meet Class A requirements.
• Connection methods: The exterior wall panels are connected to the main structure using a point-supported flexible connection method. The connection nodes are divided into load-bearing nodes and non-load-bearing nodes. The specific connection methods include translational and rotational types.
• Waterproof design: Waterproofing is mainly achieved through the physical properties of sealant materials and the structural properties of cavity structures.