Prefabricated Concrete Composite Housing

Prefabricated concrete composite housing is a type of prefabricated assembled building that shortens construction periods and reduces pollution by industrially producing building components and assembling them on-site.

Classification and Structural Systems

Prefabricated concrete buildings are divided into two categories: fully prefabricated buildings and partially prefabricated buildings. Fully prefabricated buildings are mostly used for low-rise or multi-story buildings with lower seismic requirements, where components are fully prefabricated and then assembled on-site. Partially prefabricated buildings combine prefabricated components with cast-in-place concrete to form an assembled monolithic structure, suitable for high-rise buildings or scenarios with higher seismic requirements.

In terms of structural systems, common types include:

• Prefabricated frame with external cladding system: Primarily a frame structure with prefabricated wall panels hung externally, suitable for multi-story residential or office buildings.
• Prefabricated prestressed concrete assembled frame structural system: Enhances component load-bearing capacity through prestressing technology, reducing on-site wet work. For example, the Nanjing Jindi Yufang project adopted this system.
• Fully prefabricated assembled shear wall (NPC) system: Wall panels, floor slabs, etc., are all prefabricated and connected on-site using grout sleeves, offering excellent seismic performance and commonly used in high-rise residential buildings.
• Composite shear wall assembled concrete structural system: Combines prefabrication with cast-in-place techniques, with wall panels prefabricated at the bottom and cast-in-place at the top, balancing efficiency and structural integrity.

Connection Details and Construction Techniques

Component connections utilize steel bar connection technology, primarily including:

• Grout sleeve connection: Inserts steel bars from prefabricated components into sleeves and injects high-strength grout for reliable connections, suitable for vertical components (e.g., columns, walls).
• Lap connection: Overlaps steel bars and pours concrete, offering simple construction but requiring control over lap lengths.
• Welded connection: Directly welds steel bar ends, suitable for horizontal components (e.g., beams) but demanding high construction precision.

Development History and Current Applications

China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s, initially used for factory and residential construction, but stagnated due to technical limitations. In the 21st century, with rising environmental demands and production efficiency, the technology has revived. Companies like Vanke Group have developed assembled shear wall residential structural systems and applied prefabricated frame technology in projects like Nanjing Jindi Yufang, promoting industry standardization.

Price Range

Prices vary by component type and specifications:

• Ordinary reinforced concrete prefabricated integrated housing structures cost approximately 450 yuan/square meter.
• High-end grout membrane housing wall construction equipment (e.g., EPS cement foam machines) paired with prefabricated housing can reach 168,000 yuan/set, suitable for customized or large-scale projects.

Prefabricated concrete composite housing significantly enhances construction efficiency and quality through industrial production and modular design, representing a key direction in modern building industrialization.