Prefabricated Component House Construction
Prefabricated component house construction is a process of producing building components through industrialized methods and assembling them on-site. It features standardization and efficiency, with its construction process covering component production, transportation, lifting, installation, and quality control.
I. Types and Characteristics of Prefabricated Component Houses
Prefabricated component houses are mainly divided into three categories: panel-assembled, box-assembled, and frame-assembled. Panel-assembled houses use prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, which can expand indoor usable area but have limited design flexibility, making them suitable for standardized residential projects. Box-assembled houses are formed by combining prefabricated functional units (such as kitchens and bathrooms), with construction speeds 50%-70% faster than traditional methods. However, they have higher requirements for transportation and lifting equipment and are mostly used in temporary buildings or modular hotels. Frame-assembled houses use prefabricated beams and columns as skeletons, offering flexible spatial layouts and being suitable for high-rise buildings or complex structural projects.
II. Core Construction Process and Technical Points
The construction process includes component production, transportation, on-site stacking, lifting and installation, and connection and fixation. Component production must comply with the "Evaluation Standard for Prefabricated Buildings" (GB/T51129-2017) to ensure dimensional accuracy and strength compliance. Transportation requires planning dedicated routes to avoid component damage. On-site stacking should be categorized by type, with wooden pads placed to prevent deformation. Lifting and installation are key steps, requiring verification of the positions of sleeve-connected rebars, laying of cushion mortar before lifting prefabricated wall panels, temporary fixation with diagonal braces, adjustment of verticality, and permanent fixation with corner brackets. Connection and fixation adopt sleeve grouting technology to ensure structural integrity.
III. Construction Management and Quality Control
Construction management should combine standardized production with refined operations. For example, the Beijing Zhongjian·Xingguangli Project by China Construction Eighth Engineering Division combined EMC prefabricated components with an ultra-low-energy building system, earning the title of "Beijing Green and Safe Model Construction Site." The Hubei Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Power Station completed the lifting of 1,288 prefabricated components 24 days ahead of schedule through 24-hour shift operations. Additionally, strict adherence to national standards is necessary, strengthening quality control throughout the entire process of component production, transportation, and installation to avoid common issues such as sleeve misalignment and insufficient grouting.
IV. Typical Project Application Cases
The Phase II of the Phoenix City Resettlement Housing Project in Huaiyuan County, Bengbu, Anhui adopted a dual process of prefabricated building construction and aluminum formwork construction, with an assembly rate of 50%. Prefabricated components such as exterior wall panels and composite slabs were used. The Jiaan Station on Phase II of Shenzhen Metro Line 20 used a fully prefabricated assembly method for a 134-meter intermediate standard section, requiring 394 prefabricated components, significantly shortening the construction period and reducing on-site wet operations. These cases demonstrate that prefabricated component house construction offers significant advantages in improving efficiency and ensuring quality.
