Prefabricated Building Components Production

Prefabricated building components production is the process of pre-fabricating concrete parts for buildings in factories or on construction sites, which is an important way to achieve building industrialization. The production process, types, molding methods, and development history are as follows:

Production Process

1. Formwork Table Cleaning and Mold Assembly: Clean the formwork table, assemble the mold, and apply a release agent to ensure smooth demolding of the components.
2. Rebar Binding and Mold Assembly: Bind the rebars into the designed shape according to the process drawings to form the skeletal structure of the components.
3. Concrete Placing: Transport the concrete to the placing machine through a concrete conveying system and evenly cover it inside the mold.
4. Concrete Vibration: Use a vibration table or vibrating rod to vibrate the concrete, expel internal air, and avoid voids or honeycomb defects.
5. Curing: Accelerate the hardening of the concrete using steam, hot molds, solar energy, or steam curing systems to ensure the strength meets the standards.
6. Demolding and Finished Product Inspection: After curing, demold the components and implement quality control throughout the process using QR code traceability and 3D laser scanning technology to ensure the components meet the standards.

Types and Classifications

• By Material: Divided into ordinary concrete prefabricated components and prestressed concrete prefabricated components, with the latter improving crack resistance through pre-stressing.
• By Work Location: Divided into factory prefabrication (standardized mass production with high efficiency) and on-site prefabrication (suitable for difficult transportation or special components).

Molding Methods

• Flat Mold Unit Flow Line: A traditional method suitable for standardized component production.
• Vertical Molding: Saves land and is suitable for space-constrained scenarios.
• Long-Line Bed: Produces thin components such as wall panels and floor slabs outdoors.

Technological Development
Modern production introduces automated equipment such as rebar automatic processing, CNC placing robots, and intelligent mold assembly robots, combined with intelligent construction systems integrating plan management and manufacturing execution to achieve the unification of logistics and information flow. China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s and was initially used in factory buildings and residential houses; in the 1970s, it formed technical systems such as large panel structures under the promotion of the 'Three Modernizations' policy; in the 1980s, it stagnated due to cost and quality defects; after the 21st century, it recovered due to efficiency and environmental advantages, with companies like Vanke developing prefabricated shear wall residential systems and promoting the application of prefabricated frame technology.