Prefabricated Components for Prefabricated Buildings

Prefabricated components for prefabricated buildings mainly include various types classified by structural type, functional type, and assembly form.

In terms of structural type, there are primarily prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, and modern timber structures. Common prefabricated components in prefabricated reinforced concrete structures include laminated slabs, interior wall panels, exterior wall panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, and prefabricated columns. For example, prefabricated stairs are fundamental load-bearing components in buildings and bridges; prestressed laminated slabs offer significant overall stiffness. Steel structures use economically produced steel sections as load-bearing frameworks, suitable for constructing large-span, super-high, and super-heavy buildings. Although modern timber structures are not detailed in terms of prefabricated components, they also fall within the scope of prefabricated buildings.

In terms of functional type, they can be divided into wall materials, decorative materials, and materials related to integrated housing. Wall materials include wood-plastic composite wall panels, cement wall panels, inorganic interior wall decorative panels, and green ecological cladding panels. Among them, cement wall panels are lightweight partition panels made from a mixture of harmless phosphogypsum, lightweight steel slag, fly ash, and other industrial waste mixed with cement, cured under variable-frequency steam pressure. Decorative materials include SPC click-lock flooring and SPC wall decorative panels. SPC click-lock flooring is made by mixing polyvinyl chloride, heavy calcium carbonate, processing aids, and other materials in specific proportions, plasticizing them, and then using an extruder and specific molds to form the base material, which is further processed with a four-roll calender to add wear layers, UV layers, etc. Integrated housing uses standard containers as basic units, allowing for flexible horizontal or vertical combinations; wood-plastic composite materials in landscape architecture, primarily made from wood chips, wheat straw, rice husks, and other primary biomass materials, are processed and shaped through special techniques.

In terms of assembly form, there are panel assembly and box assembly. Panel assembly uses prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, which can expand usable area but are limited by design flexibility. Box assembly combines prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%, but requiring higher transportation and lifting equipment.