Prefabricated Assembly-Type Building Walls

Prefabricated assembly-type building walls are wall components that are pre-produced in factories and then transported to construction sites for assembly and splicing. There are various classification methods.

Classification by Structural Form

• Prefabricated Large Panel Walls: Composed of large prefabricated concrete panels (or reinforced panels). They have good integrity, strong load-bearing capacity, and fast construction speed. However, the weight of a single panel is large, which places high demands on transportation and lifting equipment. They are mostly used in the structural systems of large buildings such as high-rise residential buildings and office buildings.
• Prefabricated Skeleton Walls: Composed of skeletons (such as light steel keels, wooden keels, or aluminum alloy keels) and facing panels (such as gypsum boards, calcium silicate boards, and cement boards). The skeletons bear the loads, while the facing panels provide decorative and protective functions. These walls have advantages such as light weight, good thermal insulation performance, ease of pipeline installation, and diverse shapes. For example, the prefabricated steel structure walls produced by Guangdong Huateng Steel Structure Engineering Co., Ltd. use Q235 steel, with customizable steel consumption per square meter. They have good impact resistance and are suitable for buildings such as factories and residential houses.
• Prefabricated Box/Modular Walls: Highly integrated walls that integrate structures, thermal insulation, water and electricity pipelines, and even doors and windows into a single module, which is prefabricated as a whole in the factory. On-site installation is extremely fast, and quality controllability is high, but the cost is relatively high.

Classification by Main Material

• Prefabricated Concrete (PC) Walls: The most common type, produced by pouring concrete into molds. There are two types: solid and sandwich insulation ("sandwich" wall panels). They have advantages such as high strength, good fire resistance, and strong durability, but they are relatively heavy.
• Lightweight Partition Panels: Centered around lightweight materials such as ALC panels (autoclaved aerated concrete panels), ceramsite concrete panels, and gypsum hollow strips. They are the mainstream choice for prefabricated interior partition walls.
• Cement-Based Composite Wall Panels: Using cement as the base material, combined with other reinforcing or functional materials.
• Metal-Faced Sandwich Panels: Common types include color steel rock wool sandwich panels and color steel polyurethane sandwich panels.

In addition, the prefabricated steel skeleton concrete prefabricated wall (PCT wall) is a new type of prefabricated wall technology that can solve the problems of difficult installation, poor control of grouting quality, and low construction efficiency of traditional prefabricated walls.