How to Make Prefabricated Houses
The production of prefabricated houses typically involves breaking down the building into independent modules, completing manufacturing in a factory, and then transporting them to the construction site for assembly. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Factory Prefabrication
Standardized production of various house components is carried out in the factory. For example, structural elements such as ceilings, floors, and walls are manufactured on an assembly line, with electrical and plumbing lines pre-embedded into the components. Some projects adopt a phased production model: individual components are processed separately and then assembled into a whole using welding robots or highly automated equipment at the final assembly station. Taking rural villas as an example, components such as foundation piles, beams, and stairs can be prefabricated in advance and quickly installed through methods like base plate fixation and mortise-and-tenon joint connections, reducing the main structure construction period to as short as 14 days.
2. Modular Design
Each prefabricated module must be labeled with a unique identifier (such as project name, product model, and production date), and errors are controlled through precise design. During the design phase, dimensional tolerances are set in millimeters to ensure assembly accuracy. For example, wooden houses use AI-controlled CNC robotic arms to manufacture frames: after cutting, wooden boards are adsorbed by the robotic arm along a preset trajectory, and nails are automatically fixed, with gap errors controlled within a very small range. Concrete modules are produced using standardized molds, reducing the need for on-site adjustments.
3. On-site Assembly
After being transported to the construction site, the prefabricated modules are lifted and assembled using equipment such as tower cranes. A real estate project in Shanghai uses tower cranes to transport concrete modules, while a public housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, assembled 5 high-rise residential buildings of nearly 100 meters using 6,028 modules. Some structures require cast-in-place connections to enhance stability, such as pouring concrete at the joints between modules' floors or walls to form an integrated load-bearing system.
4. Detail Handling
After assembly, key parts are sealed. For example, gaps between beams and foundation piles are filled with foam sealant, and nut fixings are sealed with cement; drainage channels and roof tiles on wooden houses need to be fixed with adhesive. Additionally, the connectivity of electrical and plumbing lines must be checked to ensure seamless integration between pre-embedded interfaces and on-site systems. Some projects use BIM technology to simulate the assembly process, identifying and resolving potential issues in advance.
Prefabricated houses significantly shorten the construction period through industrialized production models while reducing construction waste and noise pollution generated by on-site operations, aligning with the trend of green building development.
